THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

RIVERSIDE 


^YOOJ:>^vJ^:Rlo>'s 


ARCHITECTURE 


LANDSCAPE  GARDEXIXG,  AXD  RURAL  ART. 


Xo.  I. 1867. 


i^^'  BT 


0' 


GEO.  eV  &  F.  W.  WOODWAPvD, 

EDITOBfl  OF  TUB    "  U0BTICULTUKI8T ;"    AUTHORS  OP   "WOODWARD'S  COUNTRT 
HOMES,"   "WOODWABD'S  GIIAPERIES,"  ETC. 


-♦♦♦- 


NEW  YORK: 
GEO.  E.  i^  F.  W.  WOODWARD,  37  PARK   ROW, 

OFFICE  OF  TIIE  "  IIORTICXJLTURIST." 
1867. 


Enterkd,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  Year  1806,  bt 

GEO.     E.     &    F.    W.     WOODWARD, 

IN  THE  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  for  the  Southern  District 

OF  New  York. 


Davies  &  Kent, 

Electrotyi)ers  and  Stereotypers, 

183  William  St.,  N.  Y. 


PREFACE. 


Tins  is  tlie  first  number  of  a  permanent  Annual  Publi- 
cation, to  be  issued  from  the  Office  of  tlie  "Horticul- 
turist," and  intended  to  supply  a  demand  for  plans  and 
information  in  all  departments  of  Rural  Art.  Each  num- 
ber will  be  thoroughly  illustrated  with  original  and 
])ractical  designs,  adapted  to  the  requirements  of  men  of 
moderate  means. 


CONTENTS. 


Desigx  No.  1.                              PAGE 
Design  fob  an  Ice-House 11 

Desigx  No.  2. 
Cottage,  with  Plans 13 

Desigx  No.  3. 
A  Compact  Cottage,  with  Plans 15 

Design  No.  4. 
An  Octagoxai;  Cottage,  with  Plans 17 

Design  No.  5. 
A  Fabm  Cottage 19 

Designs  Nos.  6  and  7. 
ICE-HousES,  wrni  Plans 21 

Designs  Nos.  8  and  9. 

Ornaments  in  Landscape  Gardening 23 

Well-Housb 25 

Design  No.  10. 
Cottage  and  Plans 27 

Design  No.  11. 
Cottage  and  Plans 29 

Design  No.  12. 
Dbying-IIousb  for  FBurre 30 

Design   No.  13. 

PwN  FOR  Laying  Out  a  KgnARE  Acre  Lot 31 

Oknamkntal   Roads 32 

Design   No.   14. 
A  Farm  Hocsf. 39 

Design   No.   15. 
A  SorTiiERN  HotME 40 


vi  contents. 

Design   No.   16.  page 

A  Cottage  Stable 42 

A  BiiiD-HocsE 45 

Design   No.   17. 

Plan  for  Latino  Out  a  Three-Acre  Lot 4C> 

Chicken-Coops 47 

Design   No.   18. 
A  Small  Stable 49 

Design   No.   19. 

Plan  for  Improving  Lot  of  Four  Acres 51 

"  "  "  Five      "      51 

Design  No.  20. 
Cottage,  with  Plans 53 

Design  No.   21. 

Porter's  Lodge 55 

Well-House 56 

Design  No.  22. 
A  Barn,  with  Plans 57 

Design   No.   23. 
A  Parsonage  HorsE 59 

Design  No.   24. 
Cottage,  with  Tower 61 

Design   No.   25. 
Cottage  and  Plans 63 

Design  No.  26. 
Cottage  and  Plans 65 

Design  No.  27. 
Cottage  and  Plans 67 

Designs  Nos.  28  and  29. 

Canopied  Seat 68 

A  Rustic  Seat 68 

Design   No.  30. 

Small  Cottage,  with  Designs  and  Plans  for  Future  Additions 69 

DBbiGN  for  a  Fountain 73 


CONTENTS.  •  Vll 

Design  No,  31.  page 

A  SmsuRBAN  Cottage 75 

Hitching  Post  ajxd  Steps 77 

Design  No.  32. 
Plan  for  Laying  Oirr  a  Lot  One  Huxdred  by  Two  Hcxdred  Feet.  . .  78 

Design  No.   33. 
TooL-HocsE,  ETC. ,  "WITH  Plan 79 

Design  No.  34. 
A  Piggery  asd  Plajj 80 

Design  No.  35. 
SMOKE-HonSES 81 

Design  No.  36. 
Plan  for  Laying  Out  Five  Acres 82 

Design  No.  37. 

Plan  for  Laying  Oct  a  Lot  Seventy-five  by  One  Hundred  and 
Fifty  Feet 83 

Design  No.  38. 
A  Square  Cottage 85 

Design  No.  39. 

A  Doctor's  Residescb 87 

Design  for  a  Well-House 89 

Design  No.  40. 
IcE-HousE,  Cooling-Room,  Tool- House,  and  Workshop  combined..  90 

Designs  Nos.  41  and  42. 

Plan  for  L.\ying  Out  a  Iayt  Fifty  by  One  Hundred  and  Fifty  Feet  91 
"         '♦        "        ax  Irregular  Plot 91 

Design  No.  43. 
Cottage  and  Plans 93 

Design  No.  44. 
A  Chicken-House 94 

Design   No.   45. 
Plan  for  Latino  Out  a  IjOT  One  Hunuueu  and  Fiffy  by  Two  IIun- 
dkeu  1''ect 9'' 


via  CONTENTS. 

Design   No.  46.                             page 
A  Barn,  with  Plan &6 

Design   No.  47. 
Plan  for  Laying  Out  a  Plot  of  about  Two  Acres 97 

Design    No.  48. 

How  to  Remodel  an  Old  House 98 

The  Old  House  Remodeled 100 

Design   No.  49. 
Plan  for  Laying  Out  a  Lot  of  One  Acre 102 

Design   No.   50. 

Plan  for  Laying  Out  a  Lot  of  Two  Acres 103 

CoAtPUTiNG  Cost  of  Building 104 

Design  for  Gateway 105 

Design    No.  51. 
Timber  Cottage ,. 106 

Design   No.  52. 

Plan  for  Laying  Out  a  Lot  Two  Hundred  and  Fifty  by  Three 
Hundred  and  Twenty-five  Feet 109 

Design   No.  53. 
Design  for  a  Barn 110 

Design   No.  54. 
A  Farm  Cottage Ill 

Design   No.  55. 
A  Farm  House 113 

Design   No.  56. 
Plan  for  Laying  Out  a  Ten- Acre  Lot 115 

Design  No.  57. 

A  Country  School-House 117 

Design  for  Entrance  Gate 119 

Design  No.  58. 
Design  for  Grape  Arbor 120 


tion, 
sivc 


HOSE  who  have  watched 
iz^  the  progress  of  Rural  Arch- 
itecture for  some  years 
past,  have  noticed  a  mark- 
ed advance  in  arcliitcc- 
tural  design  and  projior- 
tion  and  convenient  and  economical 
interior  arrangement ;  yet,  compared 
with  the  large  nunihcr  of  structures 
yearly  put  up,  the  really  attractive 
and  tasteful  buildings  form  the  cxcep- 
and  not  the  rule.  IJuilding,  at  best,  is  an  expen- 
undertakintf,  atnl    lliosc  wlio    enscaf'e    in    it    without 

1* 


"  V 


10  woodwakd's  aechitecture, 

availing  themselves  of  the  progressive  improvements  of 
the  day,  make  investments  from  which  it  is  difficult  to 
realize  first  cost;  while  he  who  embraces  the  principles 
of  beauty,  harmony,  good  taste,  etc.,  rarely  fails  to  com- 
mand his  customer,  and  a  handsome  profit  when  ready  to 
sell.  The  fact  we  desire  to  impress  most  thoroughly  is, 
that  it  costs  no  more  to  build  correctly  and  beautifully 
than  to  ignore  all  rules  of  taste,  and  that  every  one  in 
this  broad  land  who  means  to  have  a  home  of  his  own, 
should  have  a  home  woith  owninsr. 

The,  designs  shown  arc  mostly  of  a  low-priced  descrip- 
tion, and  the  prevailing  style  chosen  is  the  rural  Gothic, 
the  best  that  is  known  for  cottage  structures,  beins;  the 
most  economical  and  useful.  Nearly  all  the  designs  ad- 
mit of  shingle  roofs,  which  places  the  workmanship  under 
the  owner's  control.  In  new  countries,  slate  and  tin 
roofers,  and  their  materials,  are  not  always  available. 
Handy  farm-laborers  can  shave  shingles  and  make  their 
own  roofs;  and  the  pioneer,  the  well-to-do  farmer,  the 
laborer,  and  the  mechanic  usually  expect  to  aid  in  erect- 
ing their  own  buildings. 

It  is  proposed,  however,  to  introduce  all  the  varied 
styles  of  architecture  in  future  numbers,  and  they  may  be 
looked  for  with  interest  as  supplying  from  year  to  year 
the  latest  and  best  models  in  the  progress  of  Rural  Art. 

A  moderate  number  of  plans  for  laying  out  small  tracts 
of  land  are  given ;  and  as  our  descriptions  must  neces- 
sarily be  brief,  the  illustrations  have  been  so  manao-cd  as 
to  tell  their  own  story.  Many  designs  for  necessary  out- 
buildings are  introduced,  as  the  plan  of  this  book  covers 


AND   EUKAL    AET» 


11 


all  departments  of  Rural  Art.  No  pains  or  expense  have 
been  spared  in  making  this  work  reliable.  All  designs 
are  of  a  practical  character,  can  be  enlarged  and  worked 
from ;  many  of  them  are  fi-om  actual  construction,  and  all 
are  worth  study  and  attention  from  any  one  who  contem- 
plates building.  We  mean  that  it  shall  supply  a  want 
loner  felt  for  desigrns  for  convenient  and  attractive  homes 
for  the  million.  "We  are  largely  indebted  for  assistance  in 
preparing  the  designs  to  Mr.  E.  C.  Hussey.  Most  of  the 
engravings  are  by  Mr.  Chas.  Spiegle,  both  of  whom  have 
executed  their  work  in  a  thoroughly  artistic  and  satisfic- 
tory  manner 


Fia.  2.— Design  Fon  an  Ice-Uousb. 


12 


WOODWARD  S   ARCHITECTUEE. 


Fig.  3.— Cottage. 


IIbcd  r 


Fig.  4.— Cellar  Plan.         Fio.  5.— First  Floor.        Fig.  C— Second  Floor. 


AXD   KUKAL   AET.  13 


DESIGX  Xo.   2. 

A      LOW -PRICED      COTTAGE. 

Tins  desio'ii  of  two  rooms  on  eacli  floor  aives  a  2;ood 
•leal  of  available  space  with  independent  entrances  to 
each  room.  To  those  Avho  must  have  houses  at  the  low- 
est possible  sum,  the  bay-window,  porch,  and  fiuials  may 
be  omitted  at  first,  and  added  at  a  future  day ;  but  by  all 
means  preseiwe  the  broad  projecting  roof  and  the  general 
outline  as  shown.  Let  the  first-floor  ceiling  be  8  feet,  and 
use  studding  of  the  usual  length  of  13  feet;  this  will  give  a 
breast  of  about  3^  feet  in  second  story.  Make  the  height 
in  center  8  feet,  and  the  roof  about  one  third  to  one  half 
pitch  ;  that  is,  the  height  of  the  roof  should  be  one  third 
or  one  half  the  width  of  the  building.  Additions  can  be 
made  at  any  time  Avhen  Avanted,  and  will  rather  add  to 
than  detract  from  the  geneival  api)earance,  Tlie  cost  of 
this  cottage  will  range  all  the  way  from  §G00  to  $1,200; 
and  this  difference  exists  in  nearly  all  classes  of  buildings, 
according  to  the  section  of  country  in  which  they  are 
built,  the  facility  of  getting  materials,  and  the  business 
management  of  the  owner.  As  prices  are  constantly 
changing,  it  is  useless  to  make  statements  that  are  only 
calculated  to  mislead ;  indeed,  at  no  former  period  could 
prices  be  furnished  without  creating  much  mischief.  The 
best  way  is  to  show  the  nearest  good  mcclianic  the  de- 
sign, tell  him,  as  near  as  possible,  your  wislies,  and  he  can 
give  the  most  reliable  figures. 


14 


WOODWAKD  S    ARCHITECTTJKE, 


Fig.  7.— a  Compact  Cottage. 


Fig.  8.— Cellar  Plan.         Fig.  9.— First  Floor.        Fig.  10.— Second  Floor. 


AND   ETJKAL    AKT.  15 


DESIGN   No.  3. 

A      COMPACT      COTTAGE. 

We  show  lioi-c  a  design  for  a  very  pretty,  compact 
cottage,  that  may  be  erected  either  with  wood,  stone,  or 
brick.  Itock-fuced  i-nhhle  masonry,  over  which  vines  may 
he  trained,  would,  we  tliink,  he  very  suitable.  Those  who 
buikl  houses  hke  this  can  easily  find  purchasers  for  them; 
indeed,  acre-lots  in  the  suburbs  of  our  cities  and  larger 
villages,  with  tastv  cottages  and  a  moderate  amount  of  land- 
scape  embellishment,  would  not  remain  uncalled-for  many 
days.  Tliere  is  a  certain  steady  demand  for  cosy,  com- 
fortable homes  adapted  to  the  purses  of  the  great  masses 
tliat  should  attract  more  attention  from  capitalists.  Any 
convenient  locality,  where  the  niicleus,  composed  of  a 
store,  a  church,  a  school-house,  and  a  first-rate  hotel,  can 
be  established,  could  be  made  very  attractive,  and  induce 
many  to  leave  the  crowded  and  unhealthy  tenements  of 
the  city  for  a  liomc  in  the  country,  be  it  ever  so  small. 
The  complete  cost  of  such  an  establishment  in  the  conn- 
try,  at  a  less  distance  in  point  of  time  from  the  City  Hall 
f)f  New  York  city  than  Thirl y-fi ft li  Street,  would  not  ex- 
ceeil  the  yeai'Iy  rental  of  u'  not  much' more  commodious 
house  in  the  city,  while  its  animal  increasing  value  amounts 
to  more  than  the  lerjal  r.atc  of  interest.  ' 


16 


WOODWAKD  S   ARCHITECTUKE, 


Fig.  11.— An  Octagonal  Cottage. 


ni     CELLAR    n 

I     llllllllil     I 

r  TS 

k   T   J 

XT 


s 


W 


■  iix/a  p*l  10X13  y 


Fig.  12.— Cellar  Plan.       Fig.  13.— First  Floor.       Fig.  14.— Second  Floor. 


AND   RURAL   ART.  17 


DESIGN  No,  4. 

A:^      OCTAGOKAIi      COTTAGE. 

For  the  sake  of  a  little  variety  in  form,  we  here  intro- 
duce a  cottage  having  octagonal  ends,  and  the  principal 
rooms  on  the  first  floor  of  octagonal  form.  These  rooms, 
furnished  with  a  fair  degree  of  taste,  will  present  a  cosy 
appearance.  The  roof  covers  the  building  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  if  it  had  square  corners,  and  is  supported  by  a  neat 
bracket  of  timber-work.  Those  Avho  do  not  fancj'^  this 
suggestion,  can  adopt  a  similar  plan  with  square  angles  at 
the  comers,  and  omit  tlie  brackets  under  the  roof  The 
arrangement  of  the  windows  in  the  octagon  ends  gives 
better  facilities  for  ventilation  than  if  both  windows  were 
on  the  same  line  of  wall,  which  they  would  have  to  be  to 
preserve  the  symmetry  of  a  square  room.  Tn  the  construc- 
tion of  this  house  use  the  "  balloon  frame,"  because  it  is 
stronger  and  forty  per  cent,  cheaper  than  any  other — for 
a  full  illustrated  description  of  which  see  "Woodward's 
Country  Homes."  Instead  of  filling  in  with  brick,  sheath 
the  outside  of  the  studding  horizontally  with  rough 
boards,  and  over  this  put  the  siding ;  a  layer  of  tarred 
paper  placed  between  would  be  serviceable.  This  will 
make  a  strong,  warm  house. 


18 


WOODWAED  S    AECHITECTUKE, 


Fig.  15. — A  Fakm-Cottage. 


Fig.  10.— Cellab  Plan. 


J      .SHED. 14       I 

r-brL. 


12X15 


\ 


KITCHEN  »L 


L  ±  J 


BCD  ROOM 
II  X  13.6'" 


T^ 


Fig.  17.— First  Floor. 


Fig.  is.— Second  Floor. 


AND  BUKAL   AKT.  VJ 


DESIGN    No.  5. 


A      FAKJI      COTTAGE. 


This  design  will  answer  well  '/or  a  flirra-cottage,  pre- 
sents a  good  variety,  and  would  be  considered  an  attract- 
ive home.  We  liave  had  in  view  a  moderate  expenditure, 
and  of  course  the  builder  must  be  satisfied  with  a  moderate 
amount  of  room.  Prices  we  might  give,  if  we  were  satis- 
fied they  would  be  any  guide  ;  but  a  book  like  this,  having 
a  national  circulation,  can  not  be  of  any  value  whatever  as 
to  cost  of  construction.  "We  have  seen  the  time  when,  in 
the  immediate  vicinity  of  New  York,  this  cottage  could 
be  built  for  §500,  or  even  less.  It  might  possibly  be  built 
now  for  %1,200;  yet  in  some  sections  of  the  country,  labor 
and  materials  can  be  had  for  half  the  prices  they  comninnd 
here.  There  arc  many  portions  of  the  West  where,  at  the 
present  time  (fall  of  IHOG),  this  cottage  could  be  fully 
completed  for  §400  to  §500.  An  ingenious  farmer,  wlio 
can  supply  from  his  farm  a  considerable  portion  of  the 
materials,  do  his  own  hauling,  and  Avitli  the  aid  of  a  skill- 
ful mechanic  aiul  one  oi-  two  handy  laborers,  if  the  work 
be  not  pushed  on  too  last,  could  execute  this  an<l  similar 
designs  ))y  the  use  of  very  lit  lie  money. 


20 


WOODWARD  S   ARCHITECTUKE, 


Fig.  19.— Ice-House. 


12:  X  15: 

Fig.  20.— Plan  or  Fig.  19. 


12:  X  15: 

Fig.  21.— Plan  of  Fig.  23. 


Fig.  22.— IcK-HousB. 


AND   KUKAL   AET.  21 


DESIGNS  Nos.  6  and  7. 


ICE-HOUSES. 


Ice  is  an  article  that  may,  with  many,  be  considered 
indispensable.  Those  who  have  enjoyed  its  use  are  un- 
willing to  do  without  it.  The  comforts  of  the  household 
are  materially  increased,  and  an  abundant  supply  is  a 
great  luxury. 

Ice-houses  may  be  constructed  to  suit  all  tastes  and 
purses;  and  the  various  designs  we  give  can  be  built 
plainly  as  well  as  elaborately.  About  twelve  feet  cube  of 
ice  is  the  requisite  quantity  for  most  families,  and  a  bulk 
of  this  size  keeps  better  than  if  smaller.  The  best  houses 
are  those  built  entirely  above  ground,  though  one,  as  shown 
in  fig.  19,  which  is  built  into  a  gravelly  bank  is  not  ob- 
jectionable. Thorough  drainage  is  essential,  and  where  a 
pipe  is  used,  it  should  be  trapped,  to  prevent  a  current  of 
air.  The  sides  should  be  double,  with  from  8  to  12  inches 
space,  and  packed  with  wet  tan,  sawdust,  or  pulverized 
charcoal,  well  rammed  down.  Sometimes  double  walls  of 
tliis  kind  are  made,  witli  an  air  chamber  between;  and 
sometimes  an  air  chamber  is  made  l)y  funing  out  and 
lining  with  boards  only.  At  the  bottom  we  prefer,  after 
the  drainage  has  been  i)rovided,  to  lay  a  good  pl.iiik  floor; 
cover  this  with  G  or  8  inches  of  sawdust  or  (an,  and  then 
pack  the  ice  (which  should  be  from  0  to  K  iiuhos  or  more 


22  woodwakd's  aroiiitectuee, 

ill  thickness)  in  layers,  putting  the  blocks  as  close  together 
as  possible,  and  chinking  up  with  small  j^ieces  of  ice  or 
snow.  A  space  of  about  6  inches  should  be  left  between 
the  mass  of  ice  and  the  sides  of  the  house,  which  should 
be  thoroughly  packed  with  sawdust  or  tan.  When  the 
house  is  full,  put  over  all  the  ice  a  layer  of  sawdust  or  tan 
at  least  one  foot  in  thickness,  and  pack  it  down  thoroughly. 
A  good  roof  should  be  provided,  and  ventilation  of  a 
most  thorough  character.  A  draft  of  air  through  the  ice 
would  soon  desti'oy  it ;  a  draft  of  air  above  it  only  is  an 
essential  preservative.  In  constructing  these  houses,  it 
would  be  better,  in  addition  to  the  oi^enings  shown,  to 
leave  a  space  from  six  inches  to  one  foot  wide,  under  the 
eaves,  above  the  plate,  both  sides  the  entire  length  of  the 
house.  This  opening  is  protected  fi-om  the  rain,  and  the 
free  admission  of  air  thus  secured  is  of  great  advantage. 

Straw  and  hay  are  used  sometimes  for  packing  in  place 
of  sawdust  or  tan,  but  are  not  so  serviceable.  In  each 
of  these  designs  there  is  a  cooling-room  attached  for  milk, 
butter,  meats,  fruits,  etc.,  marked  A  on  the  plans.  The 
i-oom  marked  B  is  the  one  in  which  the  ice  is  packed  ;  the 
floor  is  laid  so  that  the  drainage  runs  to  one  point,  and  is 
carried  off  by  a  pipe  trapped,  to  prevent  the  admission  of 
au". 


AND   RUEAL    ART. 


23 


ORNAMENTS  IN  LANDSCAPE  GARDENING. 


DESIGN  :N^o.  8. 


Fig.  23.— Rustic  Stand. 


Wild  gronntl  and  inct^ular  surfaces  call  for  rude  and 
bold  work.  Here  introduce  rustic  Lridcres  crossin<r  ravines, 
rustic  seats,  vases,  baskets  of  rustic  work,  gnarled  and 
curious  roots  encircling  boxes  of  {ilants,  hollow  stumjjs 
and  dead  trees  supporting  climbing  plants,  rustic  kiosks 
on  spots  which  offur  agreeable  re8ting-])laces  and  command 
fine  views;  all  such  objects  are  ajipropriate  to  grounds  so 


24: 


WOODWAED  S    AKCIIITECTURE, 


characterized.  There  is  no  particular  beauty  in  a  piece  of 
rustic  work  in  itself,  but  when  properly  placed  it  becomes 
beautiful  from  its  association,  and  in  turn  enhances  the 
picturesque  of  the  grounds  about. 


DESIGN  No.   9. 


Fig.  ^.— Sun-Dial. 


Among  the  many  objects  used  for  adornment,  there  is  a 
very  pretty  one  which  we  would  like  to  see  more  fre- 
quently employed,  and  which  when  properly  placed  by 
the  side  of  some  walk  well  retired  from  other  objects,  is 


AND    RURAL   ART.  25 

in  itself  higlily  suggestive.  "We  refer  to  the  Sun-dial. 
What  thoughts  this  monitor  suggests  to  the  mind !  how 
silent,  yet  how  eloquent !  His  must  be  a  vacant  mind  in- 
deed who  can  pass  such  a  teacher  without  finding  thought 
to  accompany  his  walk.  A  shadow  teacheth  us,  and  avo 
I.'urn  in  the  end  that  we  have  pursued  but  shadows. 
In  the  beautiful  words  of  the  poet : 

"  This  shadow  on  the  dial's  face, 

That  steals  from  day  to  day, 
With  slow,  unseen,  unceasing  pace. 

Moments,  and  months,  and  years  away  ; 
ThLs  shadow,  which  in  every  clime. 

Since  liglit  and  motion  lirst  begixn, 
Hath  held  its  course  sublime  — 

What  is  it  ?     Mortal  man  ! 
It  is  tlie  scythe  of  time — 

A  shadow  only  to  the  eye ; 
Yet  in  its  calm  career 

It  levels  all  beneath  the  sky  ; 
And  still,  through  each  succeeding  year 
Eight  onward  with  resistless  power, 
Its  stroke  shall  darken  every  hour, 
Till  nature's  race  Ije  run. 
And  time's  list  shadow  shall  eclipse  the  sun." 


Fio.  25.— Well-IIousb. 
2 


26 


WOODWARD  S    AKCIIITECTURE 


Fig.  26.— Perspectite. 


■        ■ 


Fig.  27.— Cellar  Plan. 


11  PARLORS,  LIV  .    

15X15        IJBtD  ROOM 


IIVT    a 

J 


Fia.  28.— First  Floor. 


Pia.  29.— Second  Floor. 


AND   KUKAL   ART.  27 


DESIGN  No.  10. 

The  additions  of  ]>orches,  verandas,  bay-windows,  etc., 
increase  the  effect  of  cottage-houses  to  a  veiy  consider- 
able degree,  add  much  to  interior  convenience  and  beauty, 
and,  if  put  on  at  tlie  time  wlien  the  building  is  con- 
structed, do  not  materially  augment  the  expense.  We 
think  they  are  always  worth  their  full  cost,  and  i-arely 
fail  to  make  an  impression  upon  the  eye  of  a  purchaser. 
The  interior  wood-work  of  this  cottage,  or  any  other, 
should  be  selected  with  some  little  care,  and  all  stained 
— either  satin-wood  or  light  black-walnut.  These  stains, 
which  can  be  easily  procured,  are  better  if  laid  on  in  oil, 
and  then,  if  covered  with  two  coats  of  varnish,  make  the 
•nearest  apjtroach  possible  to  the  appearance  of  the  above- 
named  natural  woods.  Ko  grainer's  art  can  do  as  well. 
Handsomely  stained  and  varnished  wood-work  is,  we 
think,  the  most  superior  mode  of  treating  interiors.  It 
adds  much  to  tlie  warmth  and  cosiness  of  tlie  rooms,  has 
the  effect  of  furnishing,  and,  so  far  as  cleanliness  is  con- 
cerned, is  iA'  groat  help  to  the  housekeeper.  Tliis  style  of 
finish,  wlietlKi-  for  tlic  humble  cottage  or  costly  mansion, 
is  better  and  more  attractive,  if  done  with  good  taste, 
than  the  most  costly  auil  elaborately  painted  tints. 


28 


woodward's  arcuitectdre, 


-■?^ 


Fig.  30. 


Fig.  31  —Cellar  Plan. 


i==i 


Fig.  32.— First  Floor. 


I  iHXIO  S — I     8.6'> 

lb:: 

Fio.  38.— Second  Floor. 


AND   KUEAL   AKT.  29 


DESIGN  No.  11. 

Tins  design  can,  for  the  amount  of  room  afforded,  be 
constructed  very  clieaiily.  The  kitchen  is  shown  in  the 
basement  plan,  but  can  be  put  on  the  first  floor,  or  in  a 
rear  addition,  if  deemed  more  convenient.  If  built  in  an 
exposed  situation,  some  filling-in  between  the  studding  will 
be  necessary.  There  are  several  modes  of  doing  this,  all 
of  which  add  to  the  stiffness  and  solidity  of  the  frame, 
and  ward  off  the  searching  winds.  An  air  chamber  for 
confined  or  dead  air  adds  much  to  winter  warmth  and 
summer  coolness,  and  tliis  is  usually  provided  for.  The 
most  common  mode  of  iillint'-in  is  with  soft  brick  laid  on 
edge  in  mortar;  grout  is  also  made  use  of  Back  plas- 
tering, or  lathing  between  studs — nailing  common  laths 
or  rougli  pieces  against  strips  fastened  to  each  side  of  the 
studs  and  covered  with  coarse  mortar — is  serviceable. 
Where  lunibcr  is  ])l('nly,  cover  the  frame  with  rough 
boards,  and  put  the  wcallicr-boarding  on  tlu'  outside  of 
the  rough  boarding;  this  we  have  found  answers  an  ex- 
cellent ])Ui'|i<)S('.  A  laycf  <(!'  coninioii  jiwrcd  roofing-jiajicr 
lictwctti  tlic  two  courses  of  bonrdiiiLj  will  ri'iulcr  lln'  house 
iiMpenetrable  to  wind  or  niiM,  :ind  allbrds  omc  o|'  the  best 
nie:iri<  o("  puilcct  iun. 


3U 


WOODWAKD  S    AKCHITECTUEE, 


DESIGN   No.  12. 

A      HOUSE     FOK     DRYING     FRUITS. 

The  following  sketch,  received  from  J.  C.  Ilobson,  Esq., 
Cardington,  Ohio,  is  of  a  building  of  moderate  dimensions, 
4  by  12  feet,  and  5  feet  in  height,  set  upon  a  Avail  of  brick 
or  stone  20  inches  high ;  and  to  obviate  the  necessity  of 
going  inside  when  heated  up  for  drying,  it  is  constructed 
with  two  tiers  of  drawers  on  either  side,  23  inches  by  5 
feet,  with  slat  or  wire  bottoms,  each  one  made  to  slide  in 
and  out  independent  of  the  rest,  and  each  tier  inclosed 
with  double  doors.  The  building  is  lieated  by  means  of 
furnaces  cxtendino;  from  either  end,  and  communicatinrc 
with  the  flue  in  the  center. 


Fig.  .S4.— Drying-House. 

By  reason  of  the  drawers  meeting  over  the  furnajces  in 
ihe  middle,  the  heat  in  rising  is  compelled  to  pass  through 
them,  thus  the  fruit  is  dried  faster  than  by  the  usual  mode 
of  placing  it  on  shelves  against  the  wall  of  the  house. 

The  number  of  drawers  may  be  increased  to  double  the 
amoimt  i-eprescnted  in  the  drawing,  if  necessary,  which 
would  make  them  hold  a  considerable  (piantity  of  fruit, 
SUV  from  twenty  to  thiity  bushels. 


AJfD   KUBAL   AKT. 


31 


DESIGN  Xo.  13. 


PLAX  FOK  LAYING  OUT  A  SQUAKE  ACRE  LOT. 


BT    E     FEEEAXD,    DETROIT,    MICH. 


o*»'0'°'>-&-<s 


J^'  /W(P^^W^ 


Fig.  -io. 


A,  Dwelling. 

B,  riiizzji. 

C,  Piissiigc  from  the  Darn  to  the  Street. 

D,  Greenhouse. 

K,  Grapery  (Iionse). 

F,  Flower-beds. 

H,  Kitchen  Garden,  with  ilwarf  fruit-trees  and  small  fruits. 

K,  Trellis  of  grapevines. 

L,   Yard. 

M,  Gate. 

N,  Gate. 

O,   Stable,  15arii,  and  ntlur  Ont-lmildiiigH. 


32  woodwakd's  akcuitegtuke, 


ORNAMENTAL    ROADS. 


A  PKOPER  location  of  an  ornamental  road  adds  to  it,  we 
niay  say,  all  of  its  character  and  importance,  and  it  may 
Ije  made  in  inexperienced  hands  a  very  tame  and  mean- 
ingless affair.  To  locate  and  make  a  road  that  shall  fulfill 
only  a  useful  jjurpose  is  one  thing ;  to  so  locate  it  that  it 
shall  comply  with  all  the  requisites  sought  for  in  orna- 
mental grounds,  is  quite  another  matter.  Whatever  there 
is  of  consequence  should  be  made  the  most  of,  and  by  the 
most  graceful  and  easy  lines  of  curvatiire  should  destroy 
the  thought  that  anytliing  of  the  kind  was  intended.  Tlie 
entrance,  the  i:»erspective  view  of  the  dwelling,  the  easy 
grade,  the  drainage,  construction,  planting,  etc.,  are  only 
thoroughly  considered  by  fliose  of  extensive  practice. 

Where  proper  materials  for  road  metal  can  not  be  had, 
or  where  expense  is  to  be  avoided,  the  earth  road  must  be 
adopted.  To  make  this  is  an  easy  matter;  thorough  drain- 
age, wherever  necessary,  should  be  most  carefully  done. 
The  bed  of  the  road  should  have  a  crowning  of  about  4 
inches  in  a  width  of  IG  feet,  or  half  an  inch  to  a  foot,  botli 
Avays  from  sides,  as  shown  in  fig.  36.  The  sods  at  tlic 
edge  should  be  kept  low — not  over  1 J  inches  high,  exce})t 
in  such  cases  as  where  surface  drainage  crosses  the  road, 
and  is  liable  to  wash  earth  on  to  llie  lawn.  The  grade 
line  in  llic  direction  of  llie  j-oad  slxmld  be  kept  as  regular 
as  ])rissibl(",  :iiid  avoid  undulating.     On  the  surface  of  llie 


AND   KUKAL    AKT. 


33 


I 

K 

o 
H 

i-i 
C 

O 

C 

r 


|4 


«s: 


n 
o 

H 

o 


.^j. 


>\xl 


J?!^S 


34  woodward's  architectube, 

road,  gravel,  coal  ashes,  oyster  shells,  or  similar  materials, 
may  be  jjlaccd  to  good  advantage,  and  will  make  good 
roads  through  all  the   dry  seasons.     The  making  of  an 
earth  road  similar  to  this  is  in  all  cases  necessary  where 
the  road  bed  is  to  be  stoned,  except  that  it  is  taken  out  to 
a  greater  depth.     The  most  common  mode  of  making  a 
stone  road  is  after  the  manner  shown  in  fig.  37.     Stones 
of  unequal   size   are  laid  in,  or  usually  thrown  in,  to  a 
depth  varying   according  to   the  builder's  notion,  gener- 
ally one  foot  and  over,  and  covered  with  4  to  6  inches  of 
gravel.      The  chief  objection  to  it  is,  that  it  requires   a 
larger  amount  of  excavation  :  if  the  stones  are  not  care- 
fully  hand-packed  and  rolled,  they  are  liable  to  work  out 
on  the  surface;  heavy  loads,  as  coal,  hay,  manure,  etc., 
will  cut  them  up,  and  weeds  Avill  grow  thickly  -and  rap- 
idly.    In  a  park,  on  properly  constructed  roads  in  constant 
use  by  light  carriages,  these  objections   Avould  have    no 
weight.     Still,  by  a  greater  expenditure  of  labor  in  kee})- 
ing  them  in  order,  such  roads,  when  Avell  made,  answer 
a  very  good  purpose  ;  but  as  an  investment  they  are  not 
so  good  as  other  kinds  that  do  not  require  so  much  care. 
The   first   cost    is  less  than  l^roken   stone  roads.      They 
should  not,  under  ordinary  circumstances,  exceed  10  inches 
of  thickness  of  stone  and  gravel. 

Fig.  38  illustrates  the  manner  of  constructing  the  Tel- 
ford road,  a  valual)le  and  well-tested  plan,  good  in  all 
localities  where  stone  can  be  had,  and  admits  of  a  softer 
and  inferior  quality  of  stone  being  used  in  the  pavement. 
Telford  a})proved  of  a  level  cross  grade  instead  of  a  con- 
vex surface.     Hughes,  a  later  author,  declares  the  convex 


AND   KUBAL    AKT. 


35 


tC^ 


2" 


I 

•ei 

c 

V 
H 

o 
o 

c 
O 

5 


c 


K 
O 

H 
»-" 
O 

a 
o 

> 
t^ 

a 

c 

W 
o 

>• 
o 


c 


o 
a 

c 

■a 
> 

> 


•fj-    '.S^ 


#4 


36  woodwaiid's  akchitectuke, 

line  to  1)0  llio  host,  which  it  undoubtedly  is.  This  road  is 
iiKuh;  by  lirst  setting  a  rough  pavement  of  stone,  as  shown 
in  fig.  37.  The  ]»i'ojections  of  the  upper  part  are  broken 
off  witli  a  hammer,  and  the  interstices  are  packed  with 
stone  chips  or  spawls.  On  this  jiavement  are  placed  two 
layers  of  road  metal,  and  the  Avhole  is  covered  with  gravel 
or  some  other  good  binding  material.  The  whole  thick- 
ness for  an  ornamental  road  need  not  be  over  10  to  12 
inches. 

Fig.  39  shows  the  manner  of  making  the  McAdam 
road.  Tliis  consists  entii-ely  of  road  metal;  that  is,  stone 
broken  to  a  cubical  form  of  2J  inches,  and  put  on  in  three 
layers,  each  of  which  is  worked  together  by  carriage  wheels, 
and  tlic  hiial  snrfice  made  smooth  l)y  constant  use.  It 
becomes  in  time  a  solid,  compact,  impenetrable  body,  the 
stone  uniting  l)y  its  own  angles,  aided  by  the  dust  ground 
from  them  Ijy  constant  use.  This  class  of  road-making  is 
not  adapted  for  private  estates,  in  consequence  of  the 
time  and  Use  required  to  make  the  surface  smoo-th ;  and 
the  fine  dust  is  objectionable. 

Fig.  40  is  a  cross  section  of  what  is  known  as  the  Bayl- 
don  system,  and  is,  we  thiidc,  the  most  superior  manner 
known  of  constructing  either  public  highways  or  private 
ornamental  roads.  It  consists  of  a  layer  of  road  metal  G 
inches  in  thickness  placed  on  in  one  solid  body,  thoroughly 
rolled,  and  covered  with  about  li  inches  of  blending  ma- 
terial, good  gravel  being  the  best.  We  have,  however,  in 
an  extensive  practice,  built  these  roads  with  a  layer  of 
road  metal  of  4  to  5  inches  thick,  and  with  just  gravel 
enough  to  finish   the   surface    even,  one   of   which,  after 


AND    EUEAL   AET.  37 

eight  years  of  constant  use,  does  not  appear  to  have  failed 
in  the  slightest  particular.  It  has,  through  all  seasons, 
presented  a  hard,  smooth,  handsome  surface.  This  system 
of  road-making  requires  the  least  quantity  of  excavation, 
and  can  he  made  ready  for  \ise  at  once.  Its  construction 
is  the  simplest  of  all  modes,  and  its  durability  and  effi- 
ciency have  stood  the  test  of  thirty  years. 

The  prevailing  impression  is,  that  the  stone  and  gravel 
road,  fig.  37,  is  the  cheapest  to  construct ;  a  very  doubtful 
matter,  avc  think,  compared  with  the  Bayldon  plan.  One 
thing  is  certain,  hoAvever,  that  to  keep  the  stone  and 
gravel  road  in  polished  order,  in  private  estates,  requires 
at  least  four  times  the  care ;  and  if  a  little  is  saved  in  first 
cost,  it  is  soon  balanced  by  additional  expense.  Wlu  re 
economy  in  building  a  good  road  is  to  be  considered,  the 
stone  might  be  broken  at  leisure  intervals  througli  tlio 
winter,  and  by  those  tmfitted  by  age  or  misfortune  from 
doing  the  work  of  able-bodied  nun.  Tlie  stone  is  broken 
Avitli  a  steel  linnniu'r  weighing  about  1^  lbs.  (see  fig.  4  1). 
Tlie  stone-breaker  sits  at  his  work,  and  soon  becomes  very 
expert.  Some  use  long-liandled  liniuiners,  and  stand  up, 
but  '-an  not  accomplisli  much. 

"Where  it  becomes  necessary  to  form  gutters,  we  think  it 
best  to  do  so  willi  <puirried  or  fractured  stone  put  together 
in  tlie  usual  manner  of  making  n  pavement  (sec  fig.  42). 
The  adviiiitage  is,  lliat  the  gravel  may  be  raked  in  a  lliiii 
layer  on  the  gutter  (wliich  is  always  unsightly),  and  the 
raixixcil  ('(l<res  of  the;  stone  will  hold  it,  ami  iii"e\cii(  its 
iK'ing  washeil.  Cobble-stone  gutters  answ  er  a  good  pur- 
pose, but  can  not  be  so  easily  coiu'caled. 


38 


WOODWARD  S    ARCHITECTURE, 


Fio.  44.— Cellar  Plan. 


I  -waontcoALl 


KITCHEN 
12  X  n 


HALLT   MZ 


IINIMC  R       I 

14X18       I 


|CHAMEf_R 

12  <I5 


'VES 
.S/6, 


Fia.  45.— First  Floor. 


Fig.  46.— Second  Floor. 


AND   EUKAL    ART.  39 


DESIGN"  Xo.  14. 


F  A  K  M  -  II  O  U  S  E 


This  desiern  is  for  a  larni-honse  of  an  irresrular  exterior 
form,  covered  by  a  roof  without  valleys,  except  those  by 
the  dormer  window. 

As  the  plan  provides  for  sleeping-rooms  on  the  first 
floor,  about  the  healthiness  of  which  opinions  differ,  we 
quote  tlie  following  from  the  New  York  Tribune  reports 
of  the  discussions  of  the  Xew  York  Farmers'  Club : 

"  Sleeping-Rooms^  are  Elevated  Ones  most  Healthy  9 
— Isaac  Boxd,  "Washington  City. — '  Are  low-story  rooms 
equally  liealthy  as  lodging  rooms  Avith  those  of  upper 
stories?  I  have  long  been  led,  perhaps  more  by  prejudice, 
or  the  oj)inions  of  others,  than  by  facts  or  good  reasons, 
to  believe  up-stairs  decidedly  the  better;  but  finding  tlic 
one-story  plans  given  in  Miss  Beeclier's  book,  without  a 
hint  or  misgiving  as  to  tlicir  iK'ing  less  healthful,  while 
tlie  sole  or  chief  object  of  the  work,  which  appears  excel- 
lent in  all  other  respects,  so  far  as  I  liave  read  it,  is  to 
inij)rove  the  health  of  American  women,  I  have  been  led 
to  question  my  old  opinions,  and  to  inquire  whether  sleep- 
ing on  the  first  lloor  would  do  more  liarm  to  my  whole 
family  of  five,  than  going  to  the  second  story  about  (en 
times  a  day  would  rlo  my  wife,  who  is  not  very  strong, 
and  two  very  young  daughters?  If  you  can  furnish  fiicts 
or   sound   reasons   bearing  upon    this  question,  they   will 


40 


I,>I>    c 


WOODWAKD  S    AKCIIITECTUKE, 


DESIGN   No.  15. 


A      SOUTHERN      HOUSE. 


Fig.  47.— Perspective  View. 


I  KITCHEN      B 

I       I 1 


Uj.lt  l-iXli        I] 

— ^  *«  r    KN  _J 

L=»i  J     I 


.J  U„„rr  -in 

R.  R     ^—  — f     Dia 

U  X'  1  6 

—    HS  J       p>   -^ 

"•  n       il       1     E.   R 

1  9X7   1 

Fig,  48.— First  Floor. 


Fig.  4!).— Second  Floor. 


AND    KUKAL    ART.  41 

doubtless  benefit  many  others  no  less  than  myself.  I  may 
add  that  economy  in  building  is  a  very  important  consid- 
eration with  me,  and  I  am  fully  aware  that  a  second  story 
is  the  cheapest  way  of  getting  the  same  amount  of  addi- 
tional room  to  what  we  must  have  iu  the  first  story,  two 
rooms,  besides  wood-shed,  etc.,  as  you  advise  in  a  late 
number  of  the  Tribune.  My  situation  is  on  one  acre, 
three  miles  N.N.AV.  of  the  Post-ofiice  Department.' 

"  SoLOX  RoBixsox — Let  us  look  at  a  few  simple  fiicts, 
which  may,  perliaps,  upset  the  writer's  prejudice  about 
the  unhealthiness  of  lodfjino;  in  lower  rooms.  Nearly  all 
of  the  ancient  farm-houses  of  New  England  had  one,  and 
fi'cqucntly  three  oi*  four  beds  upon  the  lower  floor.  The 
people  in  those  days  certainly  were  no  more  unhealthy 
tlian  they  were  after  it  became  fasliionable  to  build  two  or 
three  story  houses.  About  the  crudest  Avrong  of  all  tliat 
a  man  of  ample  grounds  can  inflict  upon  his  family  is  to 
build  a  house  which  compels  them  often  to  traverse  long 
fliglits  of  stairs.  I  am  well  satisfied,  from  personal  expe- 
rience and  observation,  that  a  propei'ly  constructed  one- 
story  house  u])OU  a  di-y  soil  is  just  as  healthy  for  lodgings 
ujion  its  lower  floor  as  a  higher  house  would  be  upon  its 
upper  ones.  Mr.  Bond  speaks  of  the  economy  of  space 
gained  in  making  two-story  houses  instead  of  one.  Should 
tlie  health,  comfort,  and  life  of  the  occupants  be  sacrificed 
to  economy?  Besides,  it  is  only  economy  in  the  first  cost 
of  building  material  ;  in  all  after-years  it  is  a  seiious  loss 
of  labor  to  all  llic  fiiinily  wIik  ;ii"(!  compelled  1o  asccml  lo 
an  njijicr  story  (l:iily,  ami  ric<|n(  iillv  liourly,  to  ]m  ironii 
llicir  nccessarv  lioiisclioM  <liirM:-.      An  np-stairs  siclv-rooin 


42 


WOODWAKD  S   AKCniTECTUKE 


DESIGN   No.  16. 


A      COTTAGE      STABLE, 


Fig.  50.— PfiKSPECTiVE  View. 


M/^NURE    VARD 


Fig.  51.— PlaX. 


AND   RURAL    ART.  43 

is  particularly  inconvenient.  It  is  bad  enough  for  people 
who  live  in  cities  to  suffer  from  such  disadvantages.  It  is 
positively  Avicked  for  a  man  building  in  the  country  to  ape 
the  fashion  of  city  houses.  Be  assured,  sir,  there  is  no 
reason  -why  the  lower  rooms  of  a  one-story  country  house 
should  be  unhealthy  for  lodging.  Probably  one  of  the 
main  reasons  why  houses  have  of  late  years  been  built  so 
liigh  is  owing  to  the  expensiveness  of  roofing  materials. 
That  difficulty  is  likely  now  to  be  obviated.  Roofing 
made  cheap,  durable,  and  safe  from  danger  of  fire  will 
tend  to  a  great  improvement  in  the  style  of  our  farm- 
houses. If  we  discuss  the  subject  enough  to  awaken  the 
public  mind  to  a  sense  of  its  importance,  we  shall  one  of 
these  days  get  back  to  the  comforts  of  one-story  houses. 

"R.  II.  "Williams — I  entirely  agree  with  the  opinions 
expressed  by  ]\Ir.  Robinson.  I  would  never  reconmiend 
building  a  farm-house  over  one  and  a  half  story  high. 
That  is  the  most  economical,  as  that  form  will  afford  all 
the  sleeping-rooms  necessary  to  be  placccl  on  the  ui)per 
floor,  at  a  much  less  cost  than  they  could  be  iua<le  in  a 
full-storied  house,  and,  besides,  it  looks  more  fitting  as  a 
fiirm-house.  A  two  or  three  story  house  is  inconsistent 
with  the  wants  of  the  farm,  and  shows  bad  judgment  in 
those  who  build  them.  This  is  one  of  the  most  important 
questions  we  have  had  before  the  Club,  and  one  which 
affords  room  for  ample  discussion.  It  is  sometimes  very 
remarkable  to  see  liow  one  man  gives  fashion  and  form  to 
all  llic  dwellings  in  the  vicinity.  If  some  pretentious 
builder  leads  oil"  uilli  a  liigh-stone(l  house,  no  ni;itlei-  how 
iiieoii\  enieiil,  olheis  are  very  ;ipl    lo   .ipe   (he    liishioii.      In 


44:  woodward's  architectuee, 

one  section  of  this  State,  the  almost  universal  style  is  a 
two-story  center,  with  two  one-story  wings.  Tlie  most 
that  can  be  said  of  tliat  form  is,  that  it  is  fashionable. 
Anything  that  we  can  say  here  to  improve  the  style  of 
farm-houses  will  be  beneficial  to  a  great  many  peoj^le. 

"  Mr.  DisTURNELL  contestccl  against  lower-floor  lodging- 
rooms,  because  he  was  satisfied  they  were  much  more  un- 
healthy than  upper  ones.  He  endeavored  to  prove  it  from 
some  statistics  drawn  from  Cairo,  Egypt. 

"Mr.  Robinson  said  his  position  was  taken  for  a  dry, 
hard,  rocky  soil,  like  that  of  New  England  generally,  and 
not  for  malarious  Egypt. 

"  The  Chairman  said  that  Judge  Butler,  foraicrly  a 
physician  at  Norwalk,  Conn.,  declares  that  when  people 
Avere  in  the  habit  of  slee2:)mg  in  lower  rooms,  maladies  pre- 
vailed Avhich  are  now  seldom  heard  of,  such  as  a  low 
grade  of  fevers.  He  says  prevaihng  fogs  never  rise  above 
fourteen  feet  high,  and  those  sleepmg  m  upper  rooms 
escape  its  influence.  His  recommendation  to  all  who  build 
country  houses  is  to  make  the  cellar  under  the  entire 
house,  cementing  the  bottom  and  sides  so  thoroughly  that 
no  gas  can  arise  from  the  earth ;  and  never  to  sleep  on  the 
lower  floor.  Besides  keeping  the  cellar  clean,  care  should 
also  be  taken  to  clean  the  well  every  year.  Dr.  Ward, 
who  lives  near  the  great  salt-marshes  of  New  Jersey,  says, 
from  his  house,  which  is  situated  on  a  hill,  he  can  look 
down  upon  the  banks  of  fog  lying  upon  a  lower  level. 
All  of  our  sleeping-rooms  are  u])oti  ilio  u])por  floors,  and,  I 
tliink,  in  a  more  healthy  stratum  of  the  atmosphere  than 
they  would  be  if  let>s  (lev  atud. 


AND    RURAL    ART. 


45 


"  Dr.  SxoDGRASs — Tliis  may  be  so  in  that  locality,  but 
there  are  others  where  the  case  is  reversed.  Those  living 
imuicdiately  ujion  the  banks  of  the  Potomac,  and  other 
Soutliern  rivers,  have  often  escaped  malarious  diseases, 
while  the  houses  situated  upon  the  adjoining  hills  or  blufis 
were  so  sickly  some  seasons  as  scarcely  to  be  habitable. 

"  Hexry  Ward  Beecher — A  few  miles  south  of  Indian- 
apolis, upon  a  high  bluff  of  White  River,  one  of  the  high- 
est in  that  locality,  in  the  early  settlement  of  the  country, 
there  was  a  town  built.  Upqn  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river  there  was  a  small  settlement,  but  slightly  elevated, 
upon  the  water  leveL  According  to  the  usual  theory 
about  malaria,  these  houses  should  have  been  sickly,  and 
those  in  the  town  healthy;  the  reverse  was  the  fact  to 
such  a  degree  that  the  town  was  entirely  abandoned,  and 
the  houses  left  to  decay  and  waste.  The  laAvs  of  health 
are  not  always  to  be  measured  by  high  or  low  situations, 
nor  by  high  or  low  sleeping-rooms,  if  they  are  properly 
vcutilated." 


•■TV    ,-•■' 


f 


Pro.  02.— A  Bird-House. 


46 


WOODWARD  S    AKCIIITECTUKE, 


DESIGN  No.  17. 


ri.AN     FOK     LAYING     OIJT     A     TIIKEE-ACRE     LOT. 


BY   E     FERRAND,    DETROIT,    MICH. 


PUB.  ROAD 


Fig.  53. 


A,  Dwelling-Hoaso. 

B,  Stable,  Barn,  etc. 

C,  Barn-yard,  Avith  three  openings. 

D,  Grapery. 

E,  Greenhouse. 

F,  Water. 

H,  Kitchen  Garden. 
I,   Grapevine  Arbor. 


K,  Place  for  small  fruits. 
L,  Strawberries. 
N,  Flower-beds. 
0,  Places  for  rustic  seats. 
P,  Principal  E  itrance. 
R,  Entrance  to  the  Barn. 
S.  Gardener's  House. 
V,  Dwarf  fruit  trees. 


AND   ETJRAL    AKT.  47 

This  garden  lias  the  appearance  of  a  much  larger  place 
than  it  really  is ;  in  fact,  the  plan  could  be  applied  to  a 
place  of  ten  or  more  acres  just  as  well  as  to  the  limited 
space  of  three.  The  roads  are  numerous.  It  is  intended 
for  a  lot  in  the  proximate  vicinity  of  the  city,  and  to  be 
occupied  by  a  man  who  has  means  to  keep  it  in  order. 

All  these  gardens  are  intended  for  the  same  purpose, 
and  laid  out  according  to  the  same  principle ;  that  is  to 
say,  the  most  is  done  to  conceal  their  narrow  limits,  and 
leave  one  to  guess  how  far  one  may  be  from  the  end  of  it 
wluii  one  is  no  more  than  ten  feet  from  the  well-concealed 
fence ;  at  the  same  time,  all  the  secondary  buildings,  such 
as  barns,  stables,  etc.,  are  very  close  to  the  main  house, 
though  they  are  entirely  out  of  sight. 

In  the  plan,  smoothly-curved  walks  are  drawn  in  the 
thickets  of  large  trees ;  there  is  also  a  vine  arbor,  which 
is  a  handsome  ornament.  Tlie  kitchen  garden  occupies 
about  one  acre  and  a  quarter,  and  is  in  proportion  to  the 
whole  extent  of  the  place. 


FlO.  &t.— CUICKBN-COOl'. 


48 


WOODWARD  8   ARCHITECTUEE, 


JTiG.  55.— A  Small  Stable. 


Valverde,  New  Mexico 44 


Fia.  50.— Ground  Plan. 


AND    KUKAL    AKT.  49 


DESIGN  No.  18. 

A      SMALL      STABLE. 
BY   G.    E.    IIARXEY,    AECHITECT,    COLD   SPRING,    PUTNAM   CO.,    N.    Y. 

Tins  design  for  a  small  stable  has  accommodation  for 
two  liorses  and  a  cow,  besides  a  separate  apartment  for 
carriages,  and  another  smaller  room  for  harnesses,  etc. 

The  caiTiage-room  measures  13  feet  by  22.  Each  horse- 
stall  is  5^  feet  wide,  and  9^  feet  long  to  the  rear  of  the 
stall  i>artition,  or  17  feet  to  the  partition  of  the  carriage- 
room. 

The  stalls  are  jirovided  with  cast-iron  mangers  and  iron 
hay-racks,  each  secured  to  opposite  corners  of  the  stall. 
We  consider  these  iron  fixtures  the  best  in  use,  but  care 
should  be  taken  to  keep  them  always  coated  with  some 
kind  of  paint,  to  prevent  injury  to  the  horses'  mouths  in 
winter,  when  they  are  liable  to  become  frosted. 

The  cow-stall  is  4J  feet  wide,  and  is  provided  witli  a 
manger  and  some  suitable  fastening  apparatus ;  for  the 
latter,  we  prefer  the  ring  and  chain,  though  the  old-fash- 
ioned stanchion  is  recommended  by  many. 

Tlie  floors  of  the  stalls  should  be  laid  with  smoothly- 
planed  locust  joists,  slanted  toward  the  gutter  just  enougli 
to  take  away  the  water — say  2  iuclics  in  ll)e  9J  feet. 

The  lianicss-room  is  provided  with  hooks  for  harness ;  a 
closet  to  kee[»  brushes,  soap,  oils,  medicines,  etc.,  etc.,  and 
a  small  sto\<-  {d  heat  wa1<  r  lor  washintj  harness,  etc. 


50  woodward's  aechitectuee, 

There  is  a  rain-water  cistern,  built  with  brick  and 
cement,  in  the  yard,  near  the  rear  of  the  stable,  and  this, 
taking  Avater  from  the  roof,  by  means  of  tin  conductors, 
supplies  all  the  water  required. 

Rain  water  is  much  better  for  stock  than  spring  Avater. 
The  pump  is  inside  the  stable,  as  will  be  seen  in  the  plan, 
and  empties  into  a  troitgh,  convenient  to  which  are  chests 
lined  with  tin,  for  holding  oats  and  meal,  etc. 

A  ventilatinor  shaft  rises  from  the  stable-room  to  the 
ventilator  shown  in  the  sketch,  and  this,  with  the  small 
windows  in  the  head  of  each  stall,  provides  sufficient  cir- 
culation of  air.  In  the  summer,  the  doors  may  be  taken 
off  their  hinges,  and  gates  with  locks  substituted  in  their 
place.  The  little  windows  spoken  of  are  placed  above 
the  heads  of  the  horses — say  7  feet  from  the  floor,  and  are 
opened  by  means  of  a  pulley  and  rope. 

At  the  rear  of  tlie  building,  a  door  opens  into  a  yard 
inclosed  by  a  high  fence ;  and  if  there  be  a  desire  to  make 
the  establishment  quite  complete,  there  may  be  built 
around  this  yard  a  range  of  buildings  for  poultry,  pigs, 
etc.,  and  open  sheds  for  wagons  and  carts. 

This  stable  is  built  of  wood,  and  covered  with  Aertical 
boarding  and  battens ;  the  roof  is  covered  with  slate;  the 
doors  all  have  simple  hoods  as  well  as  the  windows;  and 
the  glass  for  the  latter  we  would  have  set  in  diamond- 
shaped  panes,  wliich,  at  a  little  or  no  extra  expense, 
heightens  wonderfully  the  artistic  effect  of  such  a  building 
as  this. 

Paint  the  building  a  warm  cream-color,  the  eaves,  and 
window-trimmings,  and  doors  considerably  darker. 


AND    RUKAL    AET. 


51 


DESIGX  Xo.  19. 

PLANS     FOR     IMPEOTEMENT      OF     GROUNDS, 
BY   E.    A.    BAUlLtNN,    EAHWAT,    N.    J. 


Fio.  57.— Plan  of  Four  Aches. 


i.;.'1    — . 1  J    J     J    J    J    J 


^       ^    ■*      ',  t  J  -»  J    J    .» 

.TABU.  YARU' —^^ 

t'j  »   i  i   .«  J 
'J   i  J  J    « 


'n>. 


;  I   r'c  *  N  n  e 


A  > 


iu  ^  ir-''   maim'    law ti     jj^ 


/>. 


^....^^s;^^;Afe;v^:ateito^«BL») 


Fio.  68.— Plan  of  Five  Ached. 


52 


woodward's    ARCIIITECTUKF., 


Fig,  59.— Perspective  View. 


IP^W^ 


Fig.  01.— First  Floor. 


Fig.  62. — Second  Floor. 


AND   KURAL   AET.  53 


DESIG:N^  No.  20. 

We  show  hero  a  compact,  convenient  cottage,  having  a 
conservatory  attached  for  tliose  who  love  to  gratify  their 
taste  for  flowers.  Each  room  lias  a  cross  draft,  and  can 
be  abundantly  ventilated  in  warm  weather.  A  passage 
between  the  kitchen  and  dining-room  cuts  oif  the  smell 
of  cooking,  and  the  doors  from  the  kitchen  are  double, 
with  spring-hinges,  and  without  locks  or  other  fastenings  f 
they  are  opened  "with  the  foot,  and  close  immediately  after 
passing.  The  servant  can  pass  in  the  kitchen  through  one 
door  and  out  through  the  other  with  a  large  tray  of  dishes, 
and  thus  avoid  meeting  any  one,  while  flies  and  the  aroma 
of  cooking  liave  little  chance  of  getting  into  the  main  part 
of  tlie  house.  "We  think  during  the  summer  months  it 
adds  much  to  the  comfort  of  all  country  houses  to  j^ut  in 
tlie  windows  the  neat,  modern  wire-gauze  window-guard, 
which  does  not  ol)struct  air  or  sight,  and  does  keep  out 
eflc'ctually  flies,  milU-rs,  gnats,  beetles,  spiders,  mosquitoes, 
bats,  cats,  and  the  whole  list  of  nuisances  against  whicli 
we  make  our  rooms  close  and  dismal,  and  mope  in  siiiii- 
nier  evening  darkness  to  avoid.  The  safety,  eleanrnu'ss, 
and  comfort  of  an  open  country  house,  night  and  day,  can 
thus  be  enjoyed  ;  light,  sunshine,  nnd  fresh  air  can  be  had 
in  abundance,  and  a  feeling  of  eoinCoit  insured  which 
those  who  have  once  tried  it  would  never  be  without. 


54 


WOODWAKd's   AKCHITECTrKE, 


Fig.  63.— Porter's  Lodge. 


Fig.  64.— Ground  Plak. 


AND   KUKAL   ART.  50 


DESIGN   No.  21. 
porter's    lodge. 

BY   GEO.    E.    nARNET,    COLD   SPRING,    N.    T. 

This  design  represents  a  porter's  lodge,  built  nbout  a 
year  ago  by  Mr.  F.  P.  James,  and  situated  near  the  gates 
at  the  entrance  to  his  country  place  in  Cold  Spring. 

It  is  constructed  of  rough  stone,  quarried  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity,  laid  in  its  natural  bed,  and  pointed  vip  after- 
ward with  light-colored  mortar,  and — though  we  object 
to  the  use  of  this  light  mortar,  preferring  the  softer  tint 
of  the  dark — the  eflfect  of  the  whole  is  very  good,  the 
bright  green  foliage  of  the  trees,  by  which  it  is  nearly 
hidden,  contrasting  well  with  the  dark  gray  tone  of  the 
stone. 

Its  walls  are  low,  and  its  roof  projecting  boldly,  covered 
Avith  slates  cut  in  an  oi-namental  pattern.  The  tower, 
which  is  the  principal  feature  of  the  exterior,  rises  from 
the  angle  of  the  front  nearest  the  public  road,  and  con- 
tains the  stairways  to  the  chamber  and  cellar. 

The  plan  shows  four  apartments  on  the  principal  lloor, 
us  follows: 

The  hall  is  approached  by  two  or  three  steps,  leading  lo 
a  wide  porch,  covered  with  a  broadly  jnojecting  hood, 
suj)port<'d  oil  licavv  brackets.  'J'liis  hood  is,  in  liict,  a 
continuati<;n  of   the  roof  of   the  main  liouse  beyond  the 


56  woodward's  architecture 


caves,  as  is  also  the  roof  of  the  hay  wmcTow  on  the  adjoin- 
ing side. 

The  staircase  in  the  tower  is  on  the  right  of  the  front 
door,  and  is  separated  by  an  archway  from  the  hall. 

The  room  on  the  left,  containing  the  bay  window,  is  the 
living-room,  and  measures  11  feet  6  inches  by  13  feet.  It 
oj^ens  into  a  room  1 5  feet  by  1 1  feet  6  inches,  and  is  used 
as  a  kitchen.  The  other  room  is  a  bedroom,  and  measures 
8  feet  by  9  feet.  The  kitchen  has  a  door  communicatmg 
with  the  yard  in  the  rear. 

The  chimney  is  in  the  center  of  the  house,  and  one  stack 
of  three  flues  answers  for  ail  the  rooms. 

There  are  ventilators  on  the  roof,  and  a  dormer  window 
to  lio-ht  the  attic,  which  has  one  room  finished  off  for  a 
sleeping-room.  All  the  principal  windows  are  glazed  Avith 
diamond-shaped  panes  of  glass. 

There  is  a  cellar  under  the  whole  house,  containing  bins 
for  coal,  store-closets,  etc.,  etc. 


Fig.  Co.— Well-House. 


AND    KUKAL    AKT. 


57 


DESIGN  No.  22. 


A      B  A  K  X  . 


Fig.  66.— A  Barn. 


HCSrSCQV*  YOi 


32X20  , 


£••.■ 


4_ 


COACH  viAcor 


-I   -r-V 


KKJ.    67.   -(iHOUNI)    I'l.AN. 


58 


woodward's  arciiitectueb, 


Fig.  68. — A  Parsonage. 


Fig.  69.— Cellar  Plan. 


I  J       J.   4     •*     15X18.1 

1  D.  ROOM    f         •  I 

2  LIBRARY!        ^^^  ■ 


L^4 


^SA 


Fig.  70.— First  Floor, 


Fig.  71.— Second  Floor. 


AND   KUKAL    AKT.  59 


DESIGN   No.  23. 

A      P  A  R  S  O  X  A  G  E       HOUSE. 

This  design  Avas  made  for  a  i^arsonage  house,  to  be 
erected  in  one  of  tlie  immediate  suburbs  of  New  York, 
and  is  more  commodious  tlian  any  plan  we  have  thus  far 
shown.  The  frame  to  be  of  the  balloon  style,  sheathed 
with  rough  hemlock  boards,  and  covered  with  narrow 
siding ;  roof  to  be  slate,  laid  in  alternate  bands  of  difler- 
cnt  colors,  the  lower  baud  to  have  square  ends,  the  next 
hexagonal,  then  square,  and  soon  alternately  to  the  ridge; 
or  shingles  may  be  cut  and  laid  in  the  same  mannei'.  To 
the  top  of  the  first-floor  beams  the  frame  should  be  filled 
in  with  brick,  to  keep  out  the  rats ;  and  if  the  Avhole  lower 
floor  be  grouted  between  the  beams,  it  would  be  better 
and  Avarmer.  This  is  often  done  to  prevent  the  foul  air 
risinir  from  the  cellar  tlirouLih  the  liouse.  No  cellar,  how- 
ever,  ought  to  be  foul;  A'entilate  and  purify  it  always;  do 
not  liaA'e  any  decaying  vegetation  in  it;  grout  the  floor  of 
tlie  cellar,  Avhitewash  the  Avails  and  coiling,  and  let  one 
open  shaft  of  the  chimney  start  from  the  cellar.  It  can  be, 
and  should  be,  at  all  times  sweet  and  clean.  Flooring  one 
inch  wi<le  ])inc;  casings,  baseboards,  etc.,  to  be  narrow,  neat, 
and  plain;  doors  ]i^  inches  in  thickness,  four  paneled ;  and 
all  interior  wooil-work  to  be  stained  and  \aiiiisli('d — not 
painted.  Exfciior  to  l»c  light  cream  color,  w  illi  ri<li,  tlark- 
brown  trimmings.  About  New  ^'<»rk  tliis  house  can  be 
erected  for  ^5,000  at  present  jirices  oi"  materials  and  labor. 


60 


WOODWAKD  S   AECHITECTUEE, 


Fig.  72. 


Pig.  74.— First  Floor. 


Fio.  75.— Second  FlOor, 


AND   KUKAL   ART.  61 


DESIGN   No.  24. 

This  design,  -with  a  tower,  adds  a  variety  to  our  series, 
and,  in  many  localities,  would  be  suitable  and  attractive. 
The  plan  shows  but  moderate  accommodation,  yet  enough 
to  supply  the  demand  called  for  by  the  largest  number. 
The  roof  of  the  main  building  can  be  shingled,  but  that 
of  the  tower  would  be  better  of  tin.  It  is  shown  as  a 
frame  house,  but  would  look  well  constructed  of  brick ; 
hollow  walls,  one  foot  thick ;  but  do  not  omit  furring  out. 
We  think  there  is  quite  as  much  need  of  leaving  a  vacant 
space  between  the  plastering  and  a  hollow  brick  wall  as 
if  the  wall  Avere  solid.  The  brick  Avhich  binds  a  hollow 
wall  will  convey  dampness,  though  not  as  nmch  as  solid 
walls.  Our  designs  are  mostly  shown  as  being  quite  low 
on  the  ground.  There  is  nothing  arbitrary  about  this, 
except  that  it  lielps  the  cottage  appearance.  In  many 
localities  custom  or  prejudice  would  raise  the  foundation 
wall  two  or  even  three  feet  above  the  ground.  Theie  aie 
some  places  where  it  woidd  be  healthier  and  better  to  do 
so;  but  on  a  dry,  gravelly  soil,  or  one  thoroughly  uiidc-r- 
draincd,  we  sliould  not  care  to  show  more  than  a  foot  of 
underpinning,  unless  we  contemplated  making  use  of 
rooms  below  tli(^  first  floor. 


62 


woodwakd's  akchitectuke, 


Fig.  76. 


Fig.  77.— Cellar  Plan. 


Fig.  78.— First  Floor. 


Fig.  79.— Second  Floor. 


AJJD   EUEAL    ART.  63 


DESIGN    Xo.   25. 

This  design  is  quite  compact,  and  can  he  -worked  out 
into  a  A-ery  neat  and  pretty  home,  and  the  rooms  changed 
to  suit  the  exposure.  Put  the  hall  on  the  north  side,  and 
a  south  window  can  he  had  in  three  rooms  on  the  first 
floor  and  three  rooms  on  the  second  floor;  and  if  the 
kitchen  wing  he  extended,  and  the  kitchen  removed  back, 
four  rooms  can,  by  sliding  dooi-s,  he  thrown  together. 
The  ventilation  is  very  perfect,  and  each  room  would 
command  good  views.  For  a  summer  residence,  where 
every  hreeze  is  desirahle,  this  would  1)0  a  good  plan  ;  and 
it  is  good  for  many  other  reasons ;  it  is  easily  heated,  and 
the  housework  can  he  done  with  few  steps. 

In  the  exterior  we  give,  hy  way  of  variety,  the  hipped 
or  truncated  gahle,  a  style  of  finish  we  do  not  very  much 
admire,  hut  which  will  sometimes  answer  where  there  is 
not  a  disposition  to  do  too  imuli  of  it.  We  call  to  mind 
a  suhurhan  district  where  one  or  two  leading  citizens  in- 
troduced this  notion  when  it  was  less  common  than  now, 
and  the  fashion  thus  set  has  been  persistently  followed, 
until  it  has  become  quite  a  disagreeable  feature.  Make 
the  gables  pointed,  and  this  design,  both  outside  and 
inside,  is  a  good  one. 


64 


WOODWAED  S   AKCHITECTUKE, 


Fig.  80. 


Fig,  81.— Cellar  Plan. 


Fig.  82.— First  Floor. 


Fig.  83.— Second  Floob. 


AND   KUKAL   ART.  65 


DESIGN"  No.  26. 

CnnrxETS  are  an  important  feature  in  the  exterior  de-, 
sign  of  a  dwelling ;  and  we  like  to  see  them  treated  boldly 
— good  solid  base,  shaft,  and  projections,  and  of  sufficient 
height  above  the  roof  as  to  overlook  all  other  obstruc- 
tions,  and  thus  insure  a  good  draft.  The  flimsy  stove- 
j)ipe  look  of  chimney-jjots  we  do  not  admire,  and  would 
prefer  not  to  make  use  of  them.  A  Avell-built  brick  chim- 
ney can  be  put  up  cheaper,  and  is  much  moi-e  efiective. 

In  this  cottage  considerable  exterior  ornamentation  is 
sliown,  which  may  be  omitted  by  those  who  do  not  like 
so  mudi  of  it.  The  fiuials  and  crest  on  the  roof  help  the 
appearance  very  much,  and  make  a  good  finish ;  the 
drapery  on  the  cornice  may  be  plainer.  Hoods  over  the 
windows,  to  some  extent,  take  the  place  of  outside  blinds, 
and  relieve,  by  their  shadows,  what  might  otherwise  ap- 
pear to  be  a  very  j'lain  exterior. 

The  rooms,  as  shown  on  ihc  jilaii,  would  ])robably  be 
better  if  increased  in  size;  thougli,  if  one  undertakes  lo 
build  low-jiriced  houses,  ami  he  must  adlmre  firmly  to 
the  plan,  a  little  lierc  aii<l  a  little  lhei-e  will,  when  all  hills 
are  paid,  be  found  to  double  the  cost. 


66 


■woodward's  aechitecture, 


Pig.  84. 


Fig.  85.— Cellar  Plan. 


Pig.  86.— First  Floob. 


Fig.  87.— Second  Floor. 


AND   EUEAL   AEr.  67 


DESIGX   Xo.  27. 

TVe  show  here  a  plain  exterior,  with  a  somewhat  flatter 
roof,  and  fnll  ceilings  on  the  second  floor.  The  bedrooms 
are  all  small,  and  it  wonld  ])robably  be  better  to  have  a 
less  number,  and  make  them  larger,  making  two  rooms 
out  of  the  four  smallest.  This  roof  is  Avhat  is  called  one 
quarter  pitch,  which  is  about  the  flattest  that  will  answer 
for  shingles. 

A  new  roofing  material  has  lately  been  introduced, 
called  the  Mastic  Slate,  and  is  highly  spoken  of  by  those 
who  have  had  opportunities  to  try  it.  Slate  is  ground  to 
j)Owder  and  mixed  witli  gas-works  tar,  and  after  being 
spread  witli  a  brush  or  trowel,  becomes  in  time  a  sheet  of 
skate.  For  roofing,  it  is  spread  on  felting  or  roofing  paper, 
and  the  Avhole  expense  is  very  moderate.  Our  own  ex- 
perience with  cheap  roofing  nuiterials  has  been  quite 
unsatisfactory,  and  we  liave  always  been  glad  to  exchange 
them  for  good  tin,  ^l)ingh■s,  or  skite.  We  would  welcome 
with  pleasunr  tlie  new  Mastic  Slate,  or  any  otlier  malcrial 
cah-idated  to  reduce  the  steadily  increasing  expense  of 
making  good,  tiglit,  ilurabh'  roofs.  A  good  iii;itcrial  ior 
Hat  roofs  that  a  farmer  can  jnit  on  himself,  is  greatly 
needed. 


68 


WOODWAED  S   AKCHITECTUKE, 


DESIGNS   Nos.  28  A^^>  29. 


Fig.  88.— Canopied  Seat. 


Fig.  89.— a  Eustic  Seat. 


jlnd  kukal  akt,  69 


DESIGN  No.  30. 

M.ocY  persons  desire  to  build  to  meet  present  wants, 
and  add  at  future  periods  such  rooms  and  accommodations 
as  sliall  be   needed  for  a    growing  fomily  or   are  better 
adapted  to   the   prosperity  to  which  they  look  forward. 
Beginning  with  very  small  quarters  in  this  Avay,  one  has  a 
liome  early  in  life  and  a  savings-bank  at  the  same  time, 
with  a  double  hicentive  to  take  care  of  his  surplus  earn- 
ings,    lie  M'ho  begins  in  this  Avay,  and  is  determined  to 
succeed,  will  succeed,  and  gradually  become  the  possessor 
of  a  neat  and  comfortable  home,  witliout  any  greater  ex- 
penditure  than  that  yearly  made  by  a  city  tenant  for 
accommodations  not  any  more  convenient.      It  has  been 
well  said,  "  We  can  not  all  live  out  of  cities  (though  it 
were  better  for  all  that  many  more  did  so)  ;  but  even  the 
young  merchant,  lawyer,  doctor,  mechanic,  or  clerk,  who 
feels  constraiiietl  to  live  on  a  paved  street,  might  advan- 
tageously own  a  bit  of  land,  though  miles  away.     Travel 
is  rapid  and  cheap;  a  day  in  the  C(iuntry  is  health  ami 
happiness;  and  we  nearly  all  hope  to  live  in  tlii'  count ry 
by-and-by.       With    an   ai-ic    or   mure   of   good    land    well 
fenced,  the  liabitual  plodder  over  pavements  may  i)lant  in 
youtli  or  early  ])riiiic  ihc;  trees  that  are  to  solace  his  old 
age;  may  have  his  plants,  shrubs,  vines,  and    fiiiils  grow- 
ing, tlioULjh  iiii;il»h'  ;is  yet  to  build  a  lioiisc    may  ]\:i\v  an 
occasional  foretaste  of   the  caliii  joys  of   living  his  own 


ro 


WOODWAJiD  S    AECHITECTUKE 


master  in  liis  OAvn  home.  No  one  can  realize  all  the 
blessedness  which  centers  in  home  xtntil  he  comes  to  have 
a  spot  that  is  tnily  his  own. 

"  Thousands  live  and  die  tenants  and  hirelings  who 
might  for  better  employ  and  house  themselves.  The  city 
hireling  makes  more  money  than  his  country  cousin ;  but 
strikes  and  panics,  sickness  and  frolics,  with  the  necessity 
of  giving  half  he  cams  for  shelter,  generally  keep  him 
poor ;  and  an  increasing  family  soon  drives  him  to  close 
calculations  and  shabby  shifts  to  keep  afloat.  Happy  for 
him  and  his,  for  those  he  takes  with  him  and  those  he 
leaves  behind,  the  day  that  sees  him  settled  in  his  ow^n 
cottage,  the  owner  and  occupant  of  a  genuine  home !" 


Fig.  90. 


In  fig.  90  we  show  about  the  simplest  form  of  a  house, 
containing  two  rooms,  as  shown  in  plans  figs.  91,  92. 


Fig.  01.— riP.ST  Floor. 


Fig.  92.— Second  Floor. 


AND    EUKAIi    AKT. 


71 


In  fif.  9.3  a  simple  lean-to  addition  has  l)oen  made,  and 
this  answers  for  a  kitchen,  the  plan  of  "which  is  shown  in 


fig.  94. 


Fig.  93. 


Fig.  94 


In  fig.  95  we  show  the  next  change,  Avhich  increases  the 
acconnnodation  and  adds  to  the  exterior  elfect.     The  plan 


is  shown  in  fig.  9G. 


Fig.  95. 


Fk;.  Of,. 


72 


woodward's  akchitectuee, 


Fig.  97. 


Fiu.  98.— Cellak  Tlan. 


CHAMOER      pM    CHAMBER 
i5XI6  15X15 


Fig.  99.— First  Flooe. 


Fig.  100.— Second  Floor. 


AND   EUEAL    AKT.  73 

Fig.  97  shows  the  final  arrangement,  with  pleasant,  well- 
located,  and  convenient  rooms,  and  an  attractive  and 
pleasing  exterior. 

Figs.  98,  99,  and  100  show  the  plans  as  finished  —  a 
comfortable  home,  representing,  we  will  sa,y,  what  during 
ten  years  past  might  otherwise  have  gone  into  a  landlord's 
pocket ;  and  independent  of  this  saving,  there  has  been 
an  annual  increase  in  value,  noAV  double  the  entire  ex- 
penditure. Time,  in  its  many  changes,  adds  beauty  and 
value  to  a  country  home  that  is  taken  care  of,  whose  occu- 
pants enjoy  and  are  interested  in  every  tree  and  shrub, 
and  every  improvement  that  is  made.  Fruits,  flowers, 
and  ornamental  foliage  develop  new  attractions ;  and  a 
little  done  to-day,  and  a  little  to-moiTow,  while  being  but 
healthful  recreation,  amounts  to  a  good  deal  at  the  end  of 
a  year. 


Fio.  101.— Design  eon  \  Fountain. 
4 


74 


•WOODWARD  S   AECniTECTUEE, 


Fig.  103.— Sctbukban  Cottage. 


Fig.  10.3.— Fiest  Flooe. 


Fig.  104.— Second  Floor, 


A^I)   EUKAL   AET.  75 


DESIGN  No.  31. 

A      SUBURBAN      COTTAGE. 
BY   GEO.    E.    nARNEY,    ARCHITECT,    COLD    SPRING,    N.    T. 

We  show  here  a  design  for  a  small  cottage,  such  as  one 
might  build  on  a  village  lot  of  sixty  or  a  hundred  feet  in 
width.  It  is  of  frame,  filled  in  with  brick — soft  brick, 
laid  on  edge  in  mortar — and  covered  with  vertical  board- 
ing and  battens,  or  with  narrow  horizontal  siding  ;  the 
roof  covered  with  shingles  cut  in  patterns ;  the  cellar  of 
rubble-stone ;  the  wall  20  inches  thick,  laid  in  mortar. 

The  frame  is  of  spruce  or  liendock  (the  former  is  the 
best,  but  the  latter  is  the  most  generally  used  in  this  part 
of  the  country),  and  the  outside  finish  of  white  pine — the 
details  few  and  simjilo,  but  bold  and  strong — everything 
meaning  something,  and  t<']ling  its  own  story.  The  roof 
is  quite  steep,  and  the  projection  of  the  eaves  broad,  to 
shield  the  sides,  and  tlic  windows  are  all  wide  and  airy. 

The  accommodation  of  the  liouse  is  as  follows :  A 
veranda,  6  feet  wide,  sliiehling  the  front  entrance.  The 
liall,  containing  the  staircases  to  the  cliambers  and  cellar, 
and  opening  into  the  several  rooms  on  this  floor.  Parlor, 
14  feet  by  10,  comnnmicating  by  French  casement  win- 
dows with  tlie  veranda  on  one  side,  and  witli  :iu  open 
gallery  on  tlic  other  side,  and  havuig,  besides,  a  large 
hooded  nmllioncd   wnidow  in  tlie  front.     This  room  lias, 


76  WOODWARD'S    AKCHITECTURE, 

also,  what  Ave  consider  indispensable  in  a  country  house, 
be  it  lai'ge  or  small — an  old  fashioned  open  fire-place,  for 
burning  Avood  on  the  hearth,  if  wood  can  be  had,  or,  if 
not,  coal  in  the  grate,  and,  besides,  for  purposes  of  ventila- 
tion. We  think,  for  practical  reasons,  the  old  poetic  sen- 
timent of  the  family  fireside  and  the  blazing  log  should 
not  be  lost  sight  of,  and  there  should  be  at  least  one  room 
in  every  house — the  room  that  is  the  most  used  by  the 
family  as  a  sitting-room — made  attractive  and  healthy  by 
this  means. 

The  living-room,  measuring  13  feet  by  15,  is  provided 
with  tAvo  good  closets,  and  opens  into  a  little  pantry, 
Avhich  is  fitted  up  Avith  a  sink  and  pump,  and  other  pantry 
conA'eniences.  This  opens  out  upon  a  stoop  to  the  yard. 
There  is  also  on  this  floor  a  room  8  feet  square,  which  may 
be  used  either  as  a  bed-room  or  as  a  store-room  ;  it  has  no 
chimney,  though  if  one  Avere  added,  as  easily  might  be,  it 
could  be  used  as  an  outer  kitchen  or  scullery. 

There  is  a  cellar  under  the  Avhole  house,  reached  by 
stairs  under  the  main  flight.  It  is  provided  with  a  rain- 
Avater  cistern,  bins  for  coal,  and  the  other  usual  cellar  con- 
A'eniences  of  lock-up — cold  cellar,  hanging  sheWes,  etc. 
It  has  a  separate  entrance  of  stone  steps  from  the  yard, 
and  is  7  feet  hio;h  in  the  clear. 

In  the  second  story  are  chambers  corresponding  scA'erally 
Avith  the  rooms  bcloAV,  and  each  supplied  Avith  a  closet. 
There  is  no  attic,  but  an  opening  in  the  ceiling  of  the  hall 
communicates  Avith  the  A^acant  space  above  the  rooms,  and 
into  it  ventilates  the  house,  this  space  having  A^entilators 
under  the  peaks  of  the  gables. 


AND    KUEAL   AET. 


77 


The  front  chamber  has  some  impoilance  given  to  it  by 
the  addition  of  an  oriel  window,  after  tlie  fashion  of  some 
old  English  cottages — a  feature  which  adds  greatly  to  the 
brightness  of  the  room,  as  well  as  giving  some  extra  space. 
It  is  fitted  up  with  a  seat,  and  has  glass  Aviudows  on  its 
three  sides. 

The  interior  of  this  cottage  should  be  fitted  up  in  sim- 
ple manner  with  pine;  the  closets  all  supplied  with  shelves, 
and  hooks,  and  drawers ;  and  the  j^antry  with  sink  and 
other  fixtures.  The  walls  may  have  a  hard-finished  sur- 
face, unless  it  be  contemplated  to  paper  them,  in  a\  Inch 
case  a  cheaper  covering  can  be  used. 

The  inside  wood-work  may  be  stained  in  two  shades 
with  umber  and  oil ;  and  to  add  to  the  efiect,  the  finish  for 
the  best  rooms  may  be  of  selected  stock,  so  that  the  finest 
and  best  grained  wood  may  be  there  used. 

Tlie  outside  should  be  painted  tln-ee  coats  of  some  neu- 
tral colors  of  oil  paint — say  light  browns,  or  drabs,  or 
grays.  The  heights  of  the  stories  are  9  feet  each.  The 
posts  are  14  feet  long  between  sill  and  plate. 


I''lO.  105.— IIlTCUlNO   I'OHT. 


78 


woodwakd's  akchitectuke, 


DESIGN  No.  32. 

PLAN   FOR   LAYING    OUT   A   LOT    ONE    HUISTDRED    FEET   BY 
TWO    HUNDRED    FEET. 


loo.xsoo: 


Fig.  106. 


A,  House. 

B,  Stable. 

T,  Turn  in  Yard. 
D,  Hot-beds. 
H,  Grape  Arbor. 

F,  Dwarf  and  standard  fruit-trees. 

G,  Entrance  Gate. 

Small  fruits  in  outside  border  of  "Vegetable  Garden. 


AND   BUKAL   AKT. 


79 


DESIGN  No.  33. 


A      TOOL- HOUSE,      ETC. 


Fig.  107. 


.'COMPOST  *• 

\    TANK     /• 
\B  X  6  J 


n 

TOCl.S 

I    7X9 


^^m 


Fio.  108.— Platt. 


80 


woodwakd's  architecture, 


DESIGN  No.  34. 

A      PIGGEBY. 


Fig.  109. 


ISLEEP 

1  C  X  6 

ROOT. 

iCCMPOiT 

"        ■ 

6X6 

EAT 

' 

6xe 

-^l 

M 

v^ 

fsouf 

.c 

^6».12 

Fig.  110. -Plan. 


This  is  divided  lengthwise  througli  the  center,  so  as  to 
divide  different  breeds,  or  young  pigs  from  older  ones. 


AND   KUKAL   AKT. 


81 


DESIGN  No.  35. 


SMOKE-HOUSES. 


I'l,,.  11^.  Fio.  113. -Skctiom. 

In  fig.  112  tlic  fire  is  dosignod  to  1)C  built  in  tlu'  rear 

l)iiil<liiig.     Tlif  fire  is  Luilt  nndov  a  flat  stone,  lo  s]tn'U(l 

the  smoke;  and  the  eartli  on  tlie  toj)  of  the  stone  prevents 

it  from  radiating  lieat,  as  sliown  in  section,  fig.  113. 

4* 


82 


woodward's   ARCHITECTDKEj 

DESIGN"  No.  36. 


TLAX  FOK  LAYING   OUT   FIVE  ACRES  FOR  A  SUBURBAN  VILLA. 
BY   E.    FERRAND,    DETROIT,    MICH. 


A,  House. 

B,  Coach-house,  Stable,  Yard 

C,  Greenhouse  and  Grapery. 

D,  Gardener's  Cottage. 

E,  Principal  Entrance. 


PUB.      ROAD 

Fig  114.— Plan. 

F,  Entrance  to  Barn,  [Azaleas. 

H,  Group    of   Rhododendrons     and 
K,  Kitchen  Garden. 
L,  Entrance  on  Street. 
N,  Flower  beds. 


In  tins  jilan,  the  kitchen  garden  occnpies  about  1|  acres. 


AKD  ■  EHRAL   AKT. 


83 


DESIGX  No.  37. 

PLAN  FOR  LATIXG   OUT  -.VXD   EMBELLISniNG  A  LOT  SEYEXTY- 
FIYE    FEET   BY    OXE    IIUXDKED    AXD    FIFTY    FEET. 


PUB.  ROAO.     73: 

Fio.  115. 


II,  TTotiRO. 

S,  Stublc. 

A,  Fruit-trees  on  Lawn. 
D  Y,  DryiiiK-yanl. 

F,  Flowers. 
8  B,  Strawhcrries  on  the  fcjur  corners  of  garden  plot. 
n  B,  Ilot-bc(Is. 


84 


WOODWAJKD  S   AKCIIITECTUKE, 


Fig.  116. 


Fig.  IIT. — Cellar  Plan. 


I  kitchenI     loiNiKr."!  II 

■MVINC        ='     |PARL0UK=«" 
OR     BtO    =       I    ,7  X  15  I 

VERANDA 
,•         •, ^ s! 


Fig.  118.— First  Floor. 


'•<I2     L    _l     12X14  |_ 

=11  !^f 


Fig.  119.— Second  Floor. 


A^D   KUKAL   ART.  85 


DESIGN    No.   38. 

We  show  in  tliis  design  a  square  house,  Avith  the  flat  or 
Italian  roof,  which,  for  the  amount  of  room  obtained,  is 
probably  as  cheap  a  style  as  can  be  adopted.  Projections 
should  all  be  treated  boldly.  The  location  of  the  house 
is  oftentimes  of  great  importance.  It  is  diflicult  to  per- 
suade those  who  live  in  unfrequented  districts  to  place 
their  dwellings  back  from  the  road,  the  passing  vehicle  or 
traveler  being  too  acce})table  a  sight  for  those  who  seldom 
see  any  one  to  disturb  the  loneliness  of  their  situation. 
In  more  thickly  populated  districts  this  feeling  ceases,  and 
a  degree  of  privacy  is  wished  for.  As  a  matter  of  taste 
it  is  better  to  have  a  broad  and  roomy  foreground  between 
the  house  and  the  street.  It  ijivcs  a  finer  eftect  to  the 
house,  an  opportunity  for  display  in  flowers  and  oi-na- 
mcntal  trees,  greater  freedoni  from  noise  and  dust,  and  a 
moderate  amount  of  seclusion. 

The  great  charm  of  a  country  home  iu  pleasant  weather 
is  its  surroundings,  and  these  should  always  be  neatly 
kej)t.  lioll  and  cut  tlie  lawn  regularly  ;  keep  the  roads 
and  walks  in  smooth  and  handsome  order;  have  fine  trees, 
and  give  them  abundant  room  to  grow,  and  tliin  out 
whenever  they  become  crowded.  Do  not  have  any  more 
lawn  or  roadway  or  walks  than  can  be  kept  in  unexcep- 
tionable order.  AVliatever  is  done,  do  well,  liettcr  a  city 
lot  in  fine  order  than  a  oue-luindred-acre  slovenly  (aim. 


86 


WOODWARD  S   ARCUITECTURE, 


Fig.  120.— a  Doctor's  Eesidence. 


Fig.  121.— Ground  Plan. 


AND   KUKAL   ART.  87 


DESIGN  Xo.  39. 
A    dootok's     residence. 

BY   G.    E.   HAKXEY,    ARCHITECT,    COLD   SPRING,    N.    T. 

This  design  was  built  about  two  years  ago,  by  Dr. 
P.  C.  Parker,  of  Cold  Sirring,  and  is  situated  on  a  fine 
piece  of  ground  near  and  overlooking  the  village,  and 
embracing  beyond  fine  views  of  the  Hudson,  West  l*oint, 
the  Newburgli  Gaj),  and  the  ranges  of  mountains  above 
and  below. 

The  house  stands  between  the  approach  road  and  the 
river,  consequently  the  entrance  porch  is  on  one  front — 
that  toward  the  road — the  living  apartments  and  veranda 
are  on  the  opposite  side,  fronting  the  river;  by  this  means 
greater  privacy  is  given  to  those  portions  of  the  house 
usually  occupied  by  the  family. 

The  arrangement  of  the  plan  is  as  follows : 

The  front  veranda,  Xo.  17,  opens  by  wide  doors  into  a 
vestibule,  Xo.  1,  7  feet  s(juare ;  Xo.  2  is  the  hall,  contain- 
ing the  staircases,  and  Xo.  H  is  a  small  room  or  nccss, 
opening  l)y  means  of  a  French  window  ujion  the  ])rincij)al 
veranda,  which  extends  around  the  river  side  of  the  house. 
The  hall  and  recess  are  se])arated  from  the  main  hall  hy 
Ciothic  arches  M'ith  ornamcntiil  colnnins  ami  nmldcil  s|i;in- 
drels;  Xo.  J  is  iIk;  Doctor's  business  ollicc,  anIikIi  1i;is  ii 
se])arate   entrance    lor  persons    calling    specially   on    liim, 


88  woodward's  aechitectuke, 

seen  at  'No.  5 ;  No.  6  is  a  comfortable  little  library,  fur- 
nisliecl  with  book-cases,  and  having  an  ornamental  chim- 
ney-piece ;  it  has  two  Avinclows,  Avhicli  give  pleasant  nortli 
and  west  views;  No.  7  is  a  parlor,  about  16  feet  square, 
exclusive  of  the  bay  window,  Avhich  projects  from    its 
western  side  about  5  feet,  and  around  which  the  veranda 
extends;  No.    8  is  the  dining-room,  15  feet   by  16;    and 
No.  9  is  a  small  butler's  pantrj^,  fitted  up  with  shelves  and 
cupboards,  and   opening  into  the  kitchen.  No.   11.     The 
kitchen  is  in  the  southern  wing,  and  is  furnished  with  sink 
and  other  kitchen  conveniences;  No.  10  is  a  scullerv, fitted 
up  Avith  cupboards  and  a  sink,  and  supplied  with  hot  and 
cold  water ;  the  dishes  are  washed  here,  and  passed  into 
the  butler's  pantry  through  a  small  opening  left  for  that 
purpose  in  the  wall  between  them,  and  on  a  level  with  the 
wide  shelf  of  the  pantry.     A  door  from  the  kitchen  opens 
out  upon  a  private  veranda.  No.  13,  which  is  entirely  shut 
in  by  lattice-Avork,  and  this  is  used  in  summer  as  a  laundry 
or  washing-room;  No.  14  is  the  outside  stairway  of  stone, 
leading  to  the  cellar;  and  No.  15  is  a  water-closet,  made 
in   a  hollow   space  between  two  walls,  and   ventilatinjr 
through  this  space  into  a  flue  of  the  kitchen  chimney, 
running  along  by  the  side  of  the  kitchen  flue.     The  warmth 
of  the  kitchen  flue  pi-oduces  a  current  of  air  in  the  venti- 
lating flue,  and  by  this  means  the  water-closet  is  fully  ven- 
tilated, and  though  quite  near  the  house,  is  always  cleanly 
and  inofiensive.     Private  stairs  from  the  kitchen  lead  to 
the  chamber  floor  and  to  the  cellar.      The  cellar  has  a 
laundry  under  the  kitchen,  a  large  store-room  under  the 
butler's  pantry,  and  an  open  cellar  under  the  rest  of  the 


AND   KUEAL    ART.  89 

house,  "svhere  are  the  brick  cistern,  the  furnace,  coal-Lins, 
wine-closet,  and  other  conveniences  usually  found  iu  this 
portion  of  the  house. 

In  the  second  story  are  two  square  chambers,  ts'ith  full 
ceilings,  over  the  parlor  and  dining-room  ;  two  i"Ooms  for 
servants,  besides  a  bathing-room  over  the  kitchen ;  and  a 
stairway  to  an  unfinislied  attic  oxev  the  central  portion  of 
the  house ;  a  chamber  over  the  library,  and  a  large  linen 
room  over  the  office ;  all  these  rooms  are  Avell  lighted  and 
well  supplied  with  closets. 

The  house  is  built  of  wood,  fdled  in  with  brick,  and 
sided  with  narrow  pine  siding;  the  roofs  throughout,  in- 
cluding the  window  hoods,  are  all  covered  with  slate,  put 
on  in  alternate  bands  of  green  and  purple.  The  interior 
walls  and  ceilings  are  hard-finished,  and  the  interior  wood- 
work is  stained  and  oiled — three  different  shades  being 
used  for  the  staining  —  dark  umber,  light  umber,  and 
annatto.  Tlie  exterior  is  painted  tliree  different  sliades  of 
oil  paint — of  browns  and  grays — and  the  doors  are  grained 
like  oak  and  walnut.  The  rooms  in  the  principal  story  arc 
10  feet  higli,  and  those  in  the  chambers  are  9  feet  higli. 


Fio.  122.— Design  ron  a  Well-IIoube. 


90 


WOODWARD  S   AECniTECTUEE, 


DESIGN  No.  40. 

ICE-HOUSE,    COOLESTG-EOOM,   TOOL-HOUSE,   AND    WORKSHOP 

COMBINED. 

Ix  this  design,  the  ice  is  placed  in  the  second  story  of 
the  main  building.  The  drainage  from  the  ice  cools  the 
room  below,  in  which  are  to  be  placed  meats,  fruits,  butter, 
etc.  One  wing  is  for  a  tool-house  for  farm  and  garden 
tools,  the  other  for  a  workshop.  The  section  is  taken 
lengthwise  through  the  center. 


Fig.  123. 


i I 


14X18  „        i 


p^ 


=IF^=tIe 


Fig.  lai.— Plan. 


Fig.  125.— Section. 


x-lST)  kukal  aet. 


91 


DESIGNS  Xos.  41  A>fD  42. 

PLAX   FOE   LAYING    OUT    A    LOT    FIFTY    FEET   BY    ONE    HUN- 
DEED    AND    FIFTY    FEET. 


H,  House. 
E,  Entrance. 
0,  Hot-beds. 


iiG.  i-M. 

D,  Dwarf  fruit-trees. 

G,  Grape  trellis. 

Vegetable  Garden  in  four  square  plots. 


PLAN   FOE    LAYING    OUT   AN    lEEEGULAE   PLOT. 


Fio.  127. 
A,  House.  S,  Stable,  etc  ,  at  one  end  of  which  is  Hot-bod.    0,  Orchard. 


92 


WOODWARD  S   ARCHITECTUKE, 


Fig.  128. 


Fig.  129.— Cellar  Plan. 


Fig.  130.— Fikst  Flooh. 


Fig.  1.31.— Second  Floob- 


AND   KUKAIi   ART.  93 


DESIGN  No.  43. 

A  DiFFEKENCE  of  Opinion  has,  and  pi'obably  always  will 
exist  about  the  materials  of  which  a  house  should  be  con- 
structed. We  use  in  this  country  three  leading  varieties, 
wood,  brick,  and  stone,  and,  to  a  limited  extent,  grout  and 
iron.  Wood  is  the  cheapest,  and  if  very  nice  points  arc 
considered,  is  probably  the  healthiest,  certainly  the  driest. 
Frame  houses  have  also  superior  qualities  for  ventilation, 
a  subject  very  little  understood  by  those  who  advocate 
impenetrable  walls  and  double  windows.  So  little  pro- 
gress has  been  made  in  understanding  the  subject  of  ven- 
tilation, that  the  commissioners,  in  advertising  for  plans 
for  the  new  Capitol  building  for  the  State  of  New  York, 
mention  the  necessity  of  open  fire-places  for  this  purpose. 
Our  stone  and  brick  houses,  with  slate  and  metal  roofs, 
furnace-heated  and  air-tight,  lack  essential  qualities  for 
health  ;  while  a  frame-house,  which  admits  the  air  more 
freely,  even  if  it  take  an  extra  cord  or  two  of  Avood,  or 
an  extra  supply  of  coal,  has  a  more  healthy  atmosphere. 

Frame  houses  are  good  houses,  and  will  outlast  the  life- 
time of  the  builder;  and  no  matter  how  strong  and  sub- 
stantial a  house  may  be  l>uill,  it  usually  passes  into  stran- 
gers' hands  at  the  owner's  death. 


.94 


woodward's  akchitectuke. 


DESIGN   No.  44. 

A      CHICKEN      HOUSE. 


Fig.  132. 


Fig.  133.  Fig.  l.U  Fig.  135. 

FiBST  Floor.     Second  Floor.  Section. 

The  perches  to  he  hxid  hack  against  the  walls  when 
cleaning  out. 


AND    EDKAL   AKT. 


95 


DESIGN   No.  45. 

PLAX   FOR   LATIXa    OUT   A    LOT    ONE    HUNDRED    AND   FIFTY 
FEET    BY    TWO    HUNDRED    FEET. 


A,  House. 

B,  Ktul.le. 
D,  Hencry. 

C,  Manure  Pit. 
SY,  Htiible  Yard. 

II,  Ilot-bcds. 
G,  Dwarf  fruit. 
N,  Drying-yard. 

F,  Rnspbcrrifs,  along  one  side  of  whicli  is  a  grapo  arbor  covering 
tlio  walk. 
LL,  Entrances. 

Currant  and  other  small  fniils  around  outside  Ixmlor.  « 


96 


WOODWARDS   AKCHITECTUEE, 


DESIGN   No.  46. 


A      BARN. 


Fig.  137. 


WAUONS    CARTG      TO0LS8.C. 
16   X4I 


'-...   '.cows.s      •     !5 


TANKI     ■.    ■  S  I'o 

UX8/;.     ■•-.  -  ;■= 

MANURE   YARD    I  :"*" 

UNDE(\_COVER    F,  >    ''* 

2R'.  ;l       ^ 


Fig.  138.— Plan. 


AND   RURAL    AKT. 


97 


DESIGN   No.  47. 


PLAX    FOR    LAYING    OUT   A    PLOT    OF   ABOUT   TWO    ACRES. 


250! 


Fig.  139. 


H,  House. 
S,  Stable,  etc. 

C,  Hen  Yard. 

O,  8tanflanl  Fruits. 

D,  Dwarf  Fruits. 

Blackberries  all  around  the  garden. 
Currants,  etc.,  around  fruit  jjlots. 


98 


WOODWARD  S    AKCHITECTURE, 


DESIGN   No.  48. 


HOW    TO    REMODEL    AN    OLD    HOUSE. 


Fig.  140.— The  Olu  House. 


Fig.  141.— Cellah  Plan. 


Tig.  142.— First  Floor. 


AJ^D    KUKAL    ART. 


99 


RHOr 

BEr  R. 

1  BED     R. 
,    IS  XI3 

1      mm^ 

n- 

IZT^p 

'   BCD   R, 

1    i5X  .S 

RCD  P.. 

7c  xa 

HOOF 

DED    R. 


BED     R 
,12   X  14- 


FiG.  143.— Second  Floob. 


Fig.  144.— Gabret. 


We  show  here  what  can  be  done  with  an  old  house — 
one  built  by  a  retiring  citizen,  and  modeled  after  his  city 
residence,  under  the  inijiression,  2)erhaps,  it  was  equally 
well  adapted  for  the  broad  open  country.  We  know  of 
many  a  one  Avho  has  saved  in  this  manner  architect's  fees; 
but  such  houses  sooner  or  later  become  subjects  for  the 
architect's  skill,  and  not  unfrequently  a  good  thing  can  be 
made  out  of  them. 

Fig.  140  shows  the  appearance  of  the  old  house  and 
the  four  plans  of  basement,  first  floor,  second  floor,  and 
gaiTct,  as  they  were  originally  laid  out.  It  is  the  same 
thing  a  thousand  times  repeated,  in  almost  every  densely 
populated  street;  every  discomfort  of  a  city  house,  with 
the  interminable  stairways,  has  been  transported  to  the 
country. 

In  fig.  1  to  we  show  the  new  design  for  modernizing,  in 
a  tasteful  maiiner,  this  clumsy  exterior.  Uy  an  addition 
we  give  more  room  upon  llic  two  pi  iii.i|);il  floors,  so  lli;i( 
even  a  moderate-sized  fiiiiiily  may  abandon,  lor  Uic'ii  own 


100 


woodward's  architecture, 


Fig.  145.— The  Old  House  Remodeled. 


r  DININC  ( 

Ilivincrqom  \r   ^t—  t  > 
I      lii  X  IS       f 1-  -f  ^ 

%        ^  ^  PARLOR  I 


h} 


Fig.  146. — Cellar  Plan. 


Fiu.  147.— First  Floor. 


AJS^D   KUKAL   ART. 


101 


Fig.  148.— Second  Floor. 


Fig.  149.— Garret. 


use,  both  basement  and  gairet.  A  broad  and  spacious 
veranda,  -with  porte  cochere  at  one  end,  adds  greatly  to 
the  outside  enjoyment  and  appearance,  and  the  exterior 
outline  and  shadow  so  managed  as  to  make  a  pleasing 
impression.  The  grounds  and  other  surroundings  have 
also  been  differently  planned;  a  handsomely  curved  line  of 
roadway  takes  the  place  of  the  straight-line  communica- 
tion witli  the  highway.  The  orchard  of  apple-trees  which 
surrounds  the  house  Avill  be  thinned  out  and  planted  up 
with  ornamental  trees,  thus  breaking  up  the  parallel  lines. 
The  lawn  in  front  is  to  be  kept  smooth,  clean,  and  hand- 
some, and  all  the  awkward  stiffness  of  house,  grounds,  and 
shrubbery  changed  to  the  graceful  ease  of  an  inviting 
country  house  with  a  neat  and  spacious  foreground.  All 
this  is  accomplished  with  a  small  expciiilituic  of  money, 
which,  however,  might  have  been  saved  on  tlie  start  by 
one  wise  enough  to  (iiijtloy  the  ])ropcr  talent  to  aid  him 
in  the  dcsicrn. 


102 


WOODWARD  S   ARCHITECTUKE, 


DESIGN  No.  49. 


PL.VN  rOR  LAYING  OUT  A  LOT  OF  ONE  ACRE. 


CARD  E'N  ': 


iWP 


I  YASD 

^   i 


QNE    ACKe 


PUE.ROftO        ** 


Fig.  150. 


P,  Stable  and  Barn. 
A,  Greenhouse  and  Grapery. 

0,  Double  Henery. 

H,  Hen  Yard,  set  with  fruit-trees. 

D,  Grape  Arbor,  between  which  and  Greenhouse  is  a  row  of  dwarf 

fruit-trees. 

1,  Dwarf  and  Standard  fruit-trees  and  currants. 
F,  Fountain. 

J,  Flowers. 

0,  Water-closet  and  Gar(^en  Tool- house  in  rear. 

E,  Dwarf  fruit-trees. 


AND   EUEAL   ART, 


103 


DESIGN  Xo.  50. 


PLAX    FOE   LATTNG    OUT   A   LOT    OF   TWO    ACEES. 


1 

'3.1 


itnoc     VEC.  r.AB.n 

■,":;ll|i;i|;;ii:!ll;,li' 


Fig.  151. 


A,  House. 
E,  f^ntrancc. 

B,  Stahlcs  and  Carriage-house. 
D,  Greenhouse  and  (Jrapcry. 

I,  Henery,  with  double  yard,  C  C,  containing  a  few  fruit-trees. 
S  r>,  Strawberries. 
II  1?,  Rasi)berrics. 
V,  Dwarf  Orcliard. 
0,  Standard  Orchard. 

firajx^s  l)ctweeu  (irecnhoiise  and  Stalilcs. 
Surroundin;;  border  of  (iardiii  set  witli  lilackbrrrie.^. 


104:  woodward's  architectuke, 


COMPUTING    COST. 


A  SIMPLE  and  rapid  plan  for  estimating  the  cost  of  any- 
building  is  by  comparison.  If  carefully  done,  it  will  give 
figu]-es  that  may  be  relied  on.  We  have  said  before  that 
it  would  be  productive  of  much  mischief  to  name  j^rices 
in  a  book  like  this.  The  only  prices  we  could  give  would 
be  local  ones,  and  these  are  changing  here  every  day. 
We  were  of  this  opinion  when  we  prepared  "  Woodward's 
Country  Homes,"  a  book  that  has  met  Avith  extraordinary 
success,  and  has  been  ordered  from  every  quarter  of  the 
globe ;  and  experience  thus  far  confirms  us  in  the  belief 
that  the  opinion  then  formed  was  correct. 

The  best  substitute  for  prices,  on  which  confidence  may 
be  placed,  is  the  following,  a  plan  much  used  by  builders 
to  test  the  accuracy  of  their  detail  estimates : 

We  will  suppose  that  a  party  desires  to  erect  a  building 
in  the  vicinity  of  Madison,  Wis.,  Avhere  prices  of  mate- 
rials and  labor  diftcr  largely  from  "New  York  prices.  Let 
him  select  such  a  house  already  built  in  that  vicinity  as 
shall  represent,  in  style  of  architecture  and  character  of 
finish,  about  what  he  desires  to  construct,  and  of  which 
the  cost  of  building  is  known ;  then  compute  the  area  or 
number  of  square  feet  covered  by  the  building ;  divide  the 
number  of  dollars  of  cost  by  the  number  of  square  feet 
thus  found,  and  the  price  jjer  square  foot  is  ascertained. 


A^B   KUKAJ.    AET.  105 

Thus  a  house  40  feet  by  40  feet  covers  an  area  of  1,600 
square  feet ;  it  costs  $8,000;  and  dividing  $8,000  by  1,600, 
shows  85  per  square  foot.     Now  -what  will  be  the  cost  of 
a  similar  house  covering  1,400  square  feet? 
1,400  X  $5  =  87,000. 

This  plan  will  do  very  well  to  approximate  roughly  to 
cost.  A  better  and  closer  one  is  to  ascertain  the  cost  per 
cubic  foot.  Thus,  a  liouse  40  feet  by  40  feet,  and  an 
average  height  of  30  feet.  40  x  40  x  30  =  48,000  cubic 
feet,  cost  87,200,  or  fifteen  cents  per  cubic  feet.  Then  a 
house  containing  57,000  cubic  feet,  at  fifteen  cents,  would 
cost  88,550.  Where  all  conditions  of  comparison  are 
equal,  such  as  equal  facilities  for  buying,  equal  advantages 
in  capital,  credit,  good  management,  etc.,  one  can  very 
closely  by,  this  last  method,  ascertain  about  tlie  cost  of 
such  a  building  as  he  j)roposes  to  erect. 


Fio.  1.52.— Dehion  roil  Oatkway. 


lOf) 


^'a 


WOODWARD  S   ARCHITECTUEE, 


Fiu.  153. 


- O09     I  BCD    R 
"■"^l,  .1  9X9 


^     UlTCIIErj.      ^ 


Fig.  154.— Cellar  Plan, 


u 

Fig.  155.— First  Floor. 


RO 


BED  RODMl 

I5X1T 


UF 


CED   R 
lUX  17 


^ 


Fig.  1.56.— Second  Floor. 


AND   KUKAL    ART.  107 


DESIGX  Xo.  51. 

This  cottage  shows  a  somewhat  diftevcnt  construction 
outside  from  those  ah-eady  given,  and  although  it  adds 
somewliat  to  the  expense,  gives  more  variety. 

Such  a  plan  as  this  can  be  added  to  advantageously 
whenever  desirable  to  do  so.  Indeed,  most  of  the  plans 
given  admit  of  additions ;  and  one  advantage  of  the  Rural 
Gothic  style  is,  that  every  wing  put  on  increases  the  ex- 
terior effect.  Add  almost  anything  in  keeping  with  the 
original  structure,  let  the  roofs  be  on  different  levels,  and 
the  building  will  assume  the  appearance  of  a  pile  of  build- 
inirs,  irregular  in  outline  and  prolific  in  beauties  of  light 
and  shadow. 

Finish  the  walls  with  two  coats  of  mortar  and  one 
coat  of  hard  finish;  on  tlie  lower  floor  put  in  a  simple  cor- 
nice, and  omit  all  jilaster  ornaments.  Stain  and  oil  or 
varnisli  all  interior  wood-woik  ;  do  not  paint  any  room  but 
the  kitchen.  .  In  this  manner  y<'u  can  get  a  warm  and 
pleasing  effect,  and  liavc  tlic  wixid-work  always  I'ree  from 
dirt.  Good  effects  can  be  i)ro(luccd  by  staining  moldings 
an«l  panels  to  resemble  different  varieties  of  wood;  or  our 
native  hard  woods  can  be  used  with  fine  effect,  il'  expense 
is  not  considered.  It  may  not  generally  be  known  (hat 
all  mahogany  and  rosewood  furniture  is  staine(l,  tlie  natti- 
r:d  woftd  being  \(i'y  mucli  light er  in  color. 


108 


WOODWAED  S    AKCHITECTDEE, 


A,  House. 

C,  Conservatory,  side  of  house. 

B,  Stable,  Carriage-house,  etc. 

D,  Henery,  with  double  yard,  S  S,  set  in  plants. 
D  Y,  Drying-yard. 

G,  Grapery  and  Greenhouse. 

F,  Fountain. 
E  E,  Entrance  Gates. 

T,  Grape  Trellis. 
0  0,  Orchard. 

Fruit  around  garden. 


AND   EURAL    AET.  109 


DESIGX  No.  52. 

PLAN"   FOR    LAYIXG    OUT    A    LOT   TWO    IIUXDKED    AXD    FIFTY 
FEET   BY    THREE    HUNDRED    ^VND   TAVENTY-FITE    FEET. 

The  lot  for  wliicli  tliis  design  -was  ]u;ide  liad  one  .side 
irregular,  as  shown,  but  the  planting  has  been  so  managed 
tliat  no  one  would  suspect  that  such  an  abruptness  ex- 
isted. Two  separate  lawns  are  shown,  diAided  by  tlic 
carriage  drive.  The  lawns  are  planted  on  their  outer 
edges,  but  are  better  open  and  clear  from  all  shrubbery  in 
the  interior.  Tliey  should,  throughout  the  growing  sea- 
son, be  closely  mown  at  least  every  two  weeks.  Tlie 
drive  from  street  to  house  should  be  10  feet  Avide,  and 
finislied  with  a  hard,  smootli,  and  evenly  graded  sui'face, 
and  kept  free  from  weeds;  edges  of  laMii  to  1)0  trimnKMl 
neatly  as  often  as  required.  Whatever  is  done  in  tlio  way 
of  ornamental  grounds  should  be  well  done.  Xothing 
looks  so  shabby  as  neglected  walks  anil  overgrown  lawns; 
better  not  make  any  attempt  to  lay  out  the  grounds  taste- 
fully, unless  tlier<'  is  a  disposition  1o  kei'p  tliem  neat  and 
well  ordered.  The  stable  is  jtlanted  out  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  not  U)  be  seen  from  the  house,  and  tlie  general 
arrangement  of  the  tjrounds  is  ^  uch  :is  -will  make  tliem 
attractive  and  convenient.  M'lic  lot  contains  alxmt  two 
acres,  abundantly  large  lor  one  whose  l)usines8  is  else- 
where. No  one  need  ever  be  in  want  of  occupation  Cor 
his  leisure  hours  when  he  lias  two  aires  to  cmbellisli  and 
see  to  its  neat  ki^eping. 


110 


WOODWAilD  S    ARCHITECTUKE, 


DESIGN   No.  53. 


A      B  AR:Nr. 


Fig.  158. 


1 


PEED  ^ 

CARRIACE&C. 
TcnLS.      20X24- 


I) 


E 


p    ^2 


Pig.  159.— FrasT  Flooe. 


Fig.  160.— Second  Floob. 


AKD   KUEAL   ART. 


Ill 


DESIGX   Xo.  54. 


A      FAR  51      COTTAGE, 


Fig.  161. 


Fio.  102. 
Cblxar  Plan. 


Fio.  163. 
FiiwT  Fi.oon. 


BEDROOM' 
12X15      I 


DCO   R  '  WH  ceo    It. 
10x1:1   J|    I    II  K  lb 

RC.OC  J 

_LJ 

Fid.  Ifi-l. 
Second  Floor. 


ll!> 


WOODWARD  S    AECHITECTUKE, 


Fig.  1U5.— a  Fabm-House. 


Fig.  ICfi.— Cellar  Plan. 


KITCHEN     j^l  ■ 

I       14X  14        r=|    10X14     IJ 

tt  _J 

^   r 

I    LIVING  R  ^ 

BED    R*      12  X  15         li 

j    10.12^  ii 

Ives. I 

L  j 

Fig.  107.— First  Floor. 


I  ^  ;it  ji     J 


BED  Fi 


BED   R 
12  XI2 


fc3 


Fig.  108. — Second  Floor, 


Airo   EUKAL   AKT.  113 


DESiaX   Xo.  55. 


F  A  R  sr-ii  o  r  s  E  . 


This  design  shows  a  neat  and  compact  farm-house, 
covered  by  a  phiin  roof,  without  hips  or  valleys,  with  a 
number  of  conveniently  arranged,  btit  not  very  large,  bed- 
rooms. It  must  be  understood  that  these  designs,  in  all 
cases,  admit  of  many  changes ;  that  is,  rooms  may  be 
made  larger  or  smaller,  and  increased  or  decreased  in 
number ;  ths  exterior  in  one  desio-n  may  T)e  used  for  the 
ground-plan  of  another,  or  the  good  points  of  several 
plans  may  be  collected  and  an  entirely  new  plan  re-ar- 
ranged from  thcni,  and  an  exterior  adapted  to  it.  In  all 
designs  shown,  the  perspective  view  is  adapted  to  the  plans 
connected  with  it ;  and  in  making  changes  there  are  many 
points  to  be  thoroughly  considered.  In  some  instances  it 
Avould  be  necessary  to  reverse  the  plan ;  that  is,  change 
the  location  of  rooms  from  one  side  to  the  other,  in  order 
to  take  advantage  of  the  exposure. 

That  we  should  succeed  in  meeting  in  all  respects  the 
wishes  of  any  one  person,  wo  <lo  not  expect;  yet  repeated 
instances  have  come  to  our  knowledge  of  buildings  having 
been  put  up  in  exact  accordance  with  our  published  plans, 
"VVe  believe,  however,  that  we  do  give  every  one  who  con- 
templates building,  suggestions  and  ])laiis  of  great  vahie, 
and  one  can,  Avith  a  little  ingeinuly,  adapt  the  hints  to 
suit  Ilia  own  i)eculianties. 


314 


woodwasd's  abckitectube. 


Fig.  169.— Plan. 


A,  Dwellin  ■. 

B,  Greenhouses  and  Graperies. 


J,  Entrances. 
K,  Vegetable  Garden. 


C,  Stable,  Barn,  and  Interior  Yard.      L,  Hot-bcd.s. 


D,  Yard. 
E,  F,  Gardeners'  Houses. 
H.  Princiixal  Entrances. 


M,  River,  Lake,  and  Islands. 
N,  Meadow. 

0,  Fields,   with   two  rows  of 
apple-trees. 


AND   KUKAL   AKT.  115 


DESIGN  No.  56. 

PLAIf   FOB  LAYING    OLT  A   TEK-ACRE   LOT   FOR   SUBURBAN 

OCCUPATION. 

BY   E.    FERKAXB,    DETROIT,    jnCIT. 

This  place  has  two  main  entrances,  with  well-shaded 
drives.  The  lodges  for  the  gardeners  command  the  gates. 
There  is  an  immediate  access  from  one  of  these  cottages 
to  the  hot-beds  and  garden,  which  are  exposed  to  the  full 
sun.  The  sight  of  the  vegetable  garden  is  entirely  hidden 
by  a  belt  of  ornamental  planting.  Around  the  green- 
house and  graperies  are  flower-beds  and  rustic  seats,  Avith 
a  nice  walk  around.  Rhododendrons  and  kalmias  can  be 
planted  on  the  northern  and  other  shaded  sides  of  tlie 
dwelling.  Tlie  access  is  very  easy  to  the  stables  and  other 
out-buildings,  witli  two  yards  and  a  direct  access  to  the 
street.  Tlio  river  and  lake  occupy  about  half  an  acre. 
There  are  two  islands,  one  of  which  is  coiniccted  with  the 
garden  by  a  small  bridge.  The  space  O  can  be  cultivated 
with  fruits  of  any  kind,  or  put  in  grass. 

It  has  been  my  aim  to  make  tills  a  handsome  place,  with 
but  few  roads.  In  fact,  a  sinii>le  glance  at  the  drawing 
will  tell  more  abuul  the  disposition  of  this  place  tiian  any 
explanation. 


116 


WOODWAED  S    AKCHITECTDEE, 


Tig.  170.— a  School-House. 


Fig.  171.— Gkound  Plan. 


AND   RUBAL   AKT.  117 


DESIGN   No.  57. 

A       C  O  U  X  T  R  Y       S  C  U  O  O  L  -  II  O  U  S  E  . 
BT   GEO.    E.    HAK.NET,    ARCHITECT,    COLD   SPRING,    N.    T. 

We  present  at  this  time  a  sketch  of  a  country  school- 
house,  of  suitable  size  and  accommodation  for  about  fifty 
pupils,  of  both  sexes. 

It  is  a  plain  building  of  "wood,  comprising  a  central 
portion  and  two  wings,  one  on  each  side.  The  main  build- 
ing measures  21  feet  by  42,  and  the  wings  12  by  17  each. 
The  principal  school-room  measures  20  feet  by  30,  and  is 
12  feet  high  to  the  spring  of  the  ceiling,  and  17  feet  high 
in  the  center  of  the  room,  the  ceiling  for  a  portion  of  the 
way  following  the  slant  of  the  rafters,  and  the  principal 
rafters  and  liraces  projecting  out  so  as  to  show  from  be- 
hnv.  The  walls  of  this  room  are  wainscoted  up  to  the 
level  of  the  window-sills — i  feet  from  the  floor  —  Avith 
naiTow  ceiling  boards,  and  above  that,  together  with  the 
ceiling,  are  finished  ofi"  with  a  rough  and  stucco  finish. 

TIk;  wood-work  should  all  be  stained,  and  the  walls 
tinted  some  soft  neutral  tint  —  g>'ay,  or  cream,  or  pearl 
color. 

The  windows  are  all  sash  windows,  double-hung  for 
purposes  of  ventilation  ;  and,  in  addition,  there  are  two 
ventilating  shafts  lining  from  the  floor  throngli  the  attic, 


118  -woodward's  architectuke 


and  terminating  in  the  ventilator  on  the  ridge  of  the  main 
roof.  These  shafts  have  openings  near  the  floor  and  ceil- 
ing, with  arrangements  for  opening  and  shutting  at  Avill. 
They  are  made  of  smoothly-planed,  well-jointed  pine 
boards,  and  measure  each  16  inches  square  inside. 

In  order  to  keep  up  the  circulation,  and  to  supjily  cool 
air  from  outside,  a  shaft  is  introduced  running  along  under 
the  floor,  and  terminating  at  the  platform  on  which,  in 
winter,  the  stove,  or  heating-apparatus,  will  stand,  and 
from  this  distributed  into  the  room  by  numerous  small 
holes  in  the  riser  of  the  platform. 

We  consider  the  simplest  methods  of  ventilation  the 
best,  and  the  above  Avill  be  found  both  simple  and  efiect- 
ive.  The  great  desideratum  is  to  provide  means  for  the 
discharge  of  a  certain  quantity  of  vitiated  air,  and  to  sup- 
ply its  ])lace  by  the  same  quantity  of  pure  air,  properly 
warmed  in  winter.  To  make  the  discharge  more  efiective, 
the  stove-pipe  may  be  carried  up  in  connection  with  one 
of  the  shafts,  rarefying  the  air,  and  making  the  upward 
current  stronger;  but  in  ordinary  cases  this  will  be  hai'dly 
necessary. 

There  are  two  entrances  to  this  house,  one  for  boys  and 
one  for  girls.  Both  entries  are  10  feet  square,  and  are  in 
the  main  building,  opening  directly  into  the  school-room. 

The  wing  on  the  right  is  a  class-room,  and  that  on  the 
left  is  desio-ned  for  wood  and  coal,  and  for  a  wash-room, 
if  such  be  considered  desirable. 

The  entries,  instead  of  having  hooks  for  clothing,  have 
each  a  sufiicient  number  of  boxes  or  shelves  divided  up 
into  compartments  of  about  two  cubic  feet  each,  ranged 


AND   ECKAL    AET.  119 

along  the  sides,  and  carried  iip  in  three  or  four  tiers. 
These  boxes  are  all  numbered,  and  each  scholar  has  one 
for  his  own  exclusive  use;  being  provided  with  a  dupli- 
cate number  as  a  voucher,  there  is  no  opportunity  for  con- 
tention as  to  ownership,  no  losing  or  abusing  of  hats  and 
shawls,  and  dinner-pail.  The  method  has  been  tried,  and 
found  much  jireferable  to  the  old  arrangements  of  hooks, 
particularly  for  the  smaller  scholars,  and  those  coming 
from  a  distance  who  bring  their  dinners. 

The  two  porticoes  measure  8  feet  by  10;  the  windows 
have  all  broad  hoods  and  brackets;  the  gables  have  heavy 
finials,  and  the  ridge  is  surmounted  by  a  large  ventilator. 
The  roofs  are  covered  with  slates,  and  the  walls  are  painted 
tAVO  or  three  coats  of  oil  paint. 


■J^^^pm^- 


i^r-'^s^ 


Fia.  172.— Uehion  fob  Entkance  Gate. 


120 


WOODWAKD  S    AKCHITECTUKE. 


DESIGN   No.  58.— A  Grape  Arbor. 

BY   E.    A.    BAUMANN. 


Fig.  173.— Side  View  of  Arbob. 


Fig.  174. — Detail  op  Arbor. 


Fig.  175.— Detail  op  Akbor. 


Fig   170.— Cross  Section, 


Advertising  Slieet,  Woodward's  Annual 1867. 


EMPIRE  STATE  GAS  MACHlNEt 

(Levi  Stevens'  Patents,  including  Cunningham's  Patent,) 

For  supplyiDs:  Dwellings,  Stores,  Factories  &  Public  Buildings. 


The  Empire  State  Gas  Machine  is  the  most  simple  and  eflfective  means  known  for 
producing  gas  without  heat.  Its  action  is  automatic,  feeding  itself  with  constant 
supplies  of  Gasoline,  thus  securing  steady  and  and  uniform  supplies  of  gas. 

The  gas  produced  Ls  equal  to  the  best  known  illuminating  gas.  It  is  as  economical 
as  any  other,  and  is  adapted  to  a  wider  range  of  use  for  lighting,  heating  and 
mechanical  purposes. 

It  will  maintain  its  illuminating  power  under  as  great  a  degree 
of  cold  as  any  other. 

It  is  free  from  danger  with  ordinary  care  in  using  gas. 

Its  remarkably  pure  and  steady  light  is  pleasant  for  the  eye. 

It  renders  it  easy  for  persons  living  remote  from  street  gas  pipes 
to  enjoy  the  luxury  of  a  pure  gas  light,  at  a  comparatively  small  cost, 
and  with  little  trouble. 

The  public  are  invited  to  witness  its  operation  at  our  Store, 

620  BROADWAY,  N.  Y. 


Gasoline  may  be  obtained  at  market  prices  from 
Ihe  various  sources  of  supply  now  in  operation. 
Names  of  reliable  parties  manufacturing  and  ship- 
pini?  the  article  may  be  obtained  on  application 
to  us. 


^■"•'>-'S  vvx. 


No.  1  supplies  5  Argrand  Burt 

No.  2 

10 

No.  3 

'       20       " 

No.  4 

'       30       " 

No.  5 

•        50        " 

No.  6 

75 

No.  7 

"      1-,1 

So.  H 

■      ill! 

\o.  '1 

iui) 

o      -*- 


'<3 


3yLITGH:ELnL.,  Vjf^lSrGE  c5c  OO. 


.MA.NLiACTl.Ill- us    ijV 


Cjjnuhlirrs,  5JlrliirDnl  k  5lrrliitrrtiirnl  C'linrrlj  /iitnrrs, 

KCCL.£KIA8TICAL.     KAIUI^KiMN, 

And  every  description  of  Gas  Fixtures,  Coal  Oil  Chandeliers  and  Lamp.'*,  in  Metal 
and  Ola-ts;  with  a  complete  assortment  of  Lamp  Stanl.i  an.l  Triramingn,  Glass 
and  Paj  cr  Shades  ;  ul»o,  inanuficturors  of  Gilt  and  Uronzo  Clocks. 

AVARKIIOl.SK  A.  SAMCSIIOOMS,  -CliO  imOAI>AVAV. 

llIANUFACTOEY,-335,  337,  339,  341  &  343  West  24th  St.,   ••r-  KHh  Ave. 

NEW  YORK. 


Advertisiny  Sheet,  Woodtcard's  Annual. — 18G7. 


O' 


FRUIT 


AND 


ii«€if  il  1  ^ 

For  Fall  of  1866. 


ELLWANGER  &  BARRY, 

Invite  the  attention  of  Planters,  Nurserymen  and  Dealers  in  Trees, 
to  their  extenbive  stock  now  offered  for  the  Fall  Trade. 
In  the  Departments  of 

HARDY   FRUIT   TREES, 

ORNAMENTAL   TREES, 

SHRUBS    AND   PLANTS, 

The  Collections  are  the  most  Extensive  and  Comidete  in  the^ 

IJuitcd  States. 

Prompt  and  careful   attention   given   to  all  orders,  and  packing 
*>done  in  the  most  skilful  and  thorough  manner. 


Full  particulars  will  be  found  in  the  following  Catalogues,  which  will  be  sent, 
pre-paid,  to  applicants  who  enclose  stamps : — 

Kos.  1  and  2— Ten  cents  each ;    No.  3,  five  cents ;     No.  4,  three  cents. 

No.  1. — A  Descriptive  and  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  Fruits. 

No.  2.— A  Descriptive  and  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  Ornamental  Trees,  Shrubs, 
Hoses,  &c.,  &c.,  &c. 

No.  3. — A  Catalogue  of  Dahlias,  Verbenas,  Petunias,  and  select  new  Green- 
house ai  d  Bedding  Plants,  published  every  spring. 

No.  4. — A  "Wholesale  Catalogue  or  Trade  List,  published  every  autumn. 

ELLWANGER  &  BARRY, 

Mount  Hope  Nurseries, 

ROCHESTER,'  N.gV. 


Advertising  She^t,  Woodward'' s  Annual. — 1867. 


If  I  should  publish  all  the  testimony  I  have  received 
from  my  friends  and  customers,  to  establish  the  supe- 
riority of  my  Vines,  it  would  make  too  large  a  book. 
Suffice  it  to  say  that  those  Avho  bought  of  me  in  1863 
sent  lai'ger  orders  in  1864,  and  bought  again  in  1865  ; 
and  this  year,  I  am  happy  to  say  that  my  Vines  are 
better  than  any  I  have  previously  grown. 

Do  you  ask  why  I  have  always  good  Vims?  It  is,  I 
believe,  because  I  know  how  to  groAV  them — because  I 
do  nothing  but  take  care  of  them — and  have  no  other 
business  whatever.     I  raise  nothing  but  Grape  Vines. 

It  is  for  these  reasons  that  my  Vines  are  good,  and 
that  for  the  last  three  years  I  have  not  been  able  to  meet 
the  demand;  and  have  had  to  advertise  to  keep  back 
new  orders. 

I  must  add,  also,  that  I  sell  only  ^'iIles  grown  by  my- 
self I  buy  no  cheap  Vines  in  other  places,  to  iill  up  my 
orders;  and  hence  I  know  what  I  sell,  and  can  warrant 
every  Vine  in  name  and  quality. 

My  stock  this  year  is 

loiiu, 

Isr:i<'ll:i, 

AdiroiKlar, 

I>4'l:i\i:ii'4>, 

AlU'ii's  llvlirid, 

4'i'<'V4'Iiii(;, 
Concord,  a  few  l^iiioii  Vill:i;j<'  and 

Kopors'  11}  iM-ids,  IN'os.  <1,  \!i  and   19. 

Other  varieties  in  my  Catah)gue  ar<»  in  small  numbers 
(  Illy  for  the  retail  trade. 

Send  for  piice  list  or  <'atalogiic. 

J  F.  DELIOT,  Vine  Grower, 

SI  N  <;   SI  .\  <;,  ,\.  Y. 


Advertising  Sheet,  Woodward's  Annual. — 1867. 


I^IHSTTOIST'S 


AND 


PAVING    TILES, 


B^KTKIS,    CEiXJH.CIH:E!S, 


AS    LAID   BY   VS   IN   THE 


iAwmQ>'&  AW  WM:§mmmwQ)mt 


ALSO, 


GARNKIRK  CHIMNEY  TOPS, 


YiTiynEo  STOKE  wa^e' 

'^  OF  SUPERIOR  DUALITY 

COti^TANTLY  ON  HAND. 

AND 

PLUMBERS'  IMATERIALS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

FOR    SALE    BY 

MILLER,    «fe    COATES, 

279  PEARL  STREET,  New  York. 


Advertising  Sheet,  Woodward^ s  Anmuil. — 1867.  5 

B  oo  k:  s 
]Vi:ECE[A.NICSr    BUILDERS, 

For  sale,  or  sent  postpaid  to  any  address,  on  receipt  of  price. 

Allen's  Rural  Architecture $1  50 

Cleveland's  Villas  and  Cottages 4  00 

Cummings'  Designs  for  Street  Front=,  Suburban  Houses  and  Cottages,  with 
full  exterior  and  interior  details,  382  designs  and  714  illustrations. — 
A  new  work,  and  the  best  practical  work  on  modern  details  yet 
published ;   indispensable  for  those  who  wish  to  keep  posted  on  all  the 

latest  improvements 10  00 

Downing's  Cottage  .•Architecture 3  00 

Downing's  Country  House-s 8  00 

Hatfield's  American  House  Carpenter 3  50 

Leuchar's  How  to  Build  and  Ventilate  Hot-Houses 1  50 

Manual  of  the  House,  126  designs  and  plans cloth,  1  50 

Xew  Clock  and  Watch  Maker's  Manual 2  00 

Ready  Reckoner 50 

Silloway's  Modem  Carpentry 2  00 

Sloan's"  Homestead  Architecture,  200  Engravings 4  00 

Sloan's  Ornamental  Houses,  26  Colored  Engra\nngs 3  00 

Todd's  Young  Farmer's  Manual 1  50 

Vaux's  Villas  and  Cottages  ;  nearly  400  Engravings 3  00 

Woodward's  Country  Homes 1  50 

"Woodward's  Graperies  and  Horticultural  Bmldings 1  50 

"Woodward's  Annual  of  Architecture paper,  75c.  cloth,  1  00 

Art  of  Saw  Filing.    Illustrated 7S 

Boston  Machinist.    (Fitzgerald) 75 

Carpenters'  and  Joiners'  Hand-Book.    Illustrated 7i 

ADDRESS, 

GEO.  E.  &  F.  W.  WOODWARD, 

Pii'blishers  of  Arcliit«c(ural  Books, 

37    ir'^^KK    K,OAV,    2<r.  Y. 


FIRE    ON    THJE    HEARTH! 

GEO.  E.  &  F.  W.  WOODWARD,  37  PARK  ROW.  N.  Y., 

.NEW  YOBK  AGENTS  FOR 

DIXON'S  LOW  DOWN  PIIILADELPIIIA GRATE 

For  Burning  "Wood  or  Coal,  for  sale  at  Manufacturers'  Prices. 
"  It  is  a  plan  for  wiirming  houses,  which  has  never  in  all  its  points  been  sur- 

^"""it  is  believed  th.it  there  is  scarcely  a  single  educjiteil  Physician  in  Philadelphia 
who  owns  the  house  ho  lives  in,  who  is  not^Riipplie.1  with^ono  or^moro  of  these 
deliirhtful  luxuries."  *  *  * 

"  We  hav<-  one  of  these  admirahle  contrivances,  put  in  our  house  in  1H>!).  and 
cvorv  additional  year  only  incrcaHe-  our  apprc^ation  of  the  luxury." -/>r.  »  .  IK. 
Half,  Editor  of  Ifall't  Journal  of  lleallh,  N.  Y. 

Four  sizes  and  three  styles  of  (inisli — Inpaimc.l,  Uuad  tin.iind  and 
Polished  Steel.  Prices  ranj,'e  from  ?3.^)  to  $60.  The  hrsi  otiJ  ,ir<,t,!»/  open 
Parlor  or  Library  Fire.     Parked  ami  Shipped  to  all  parts  of  (he  eountry. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Illustrated  Circular. 

Address,  CrKO.  PI.  &C  W.  ^V.  WOODWARD. 

37  Park  ICow,   New  York. 


« 


Advertising  Sheet,  Woodward's  Amfiual. — 1867. 


Corner  Fourth  Street, 


699    BROADWAY, 


NEW  YORK. 


FOR  FAMILIES  AND  MANUFACTURERS. 

TKCE  liowE  lock:  stitopi. 

THESE  WORLD-RE.\OWIVED    SEWING  in4€HIIVES 

Are  celebrated  for  doing  the  best  work,  usin^  a  much  smaller  needle  for  the  same 
thread  than  any  other  machine,  and  by  the  introduction  of  the  most  approved 
machinery,  we  are  now  able  to  supply  the  very  best  machines  in  the  world.  These 
machines  are  made  at  our  new  and  spacious  Factory  at  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  under 
the  immediate  supervision  of  the  President  of  the  Company,  ELIAS  HOWE,  Jr., 
the  original  inventor  of  the  Sewing  Machine. 

The  Stitch  invented  by  Mr.  HOWE,  and  made  on  this  machine,  is  the  most  popu- 
lar and  durable,  and  all  Sewing  Machines  are  subject  to  the  principle  invented  by  him. 

The  Mtowe  Jflachine  Company^ 

699  BROADWAY,  cor.  Fourth  Street,  N.  Y. 


iiPiii  iiif  III  mmim  iieiiiii 

ARE  SUPERIOR  TO  ALL  OTHERS 

FOR  FAMILY  A!VD  lUAIVUFACTURIIVG  PURPOSES. 

Contain  all  the  latest  improvements ;  are  speedy, 
noiseless,  durable  and  easy  to  work.  Illustrated  Cir- 
culars free.  Agents  wanted.  Liberal  discounts  allowed. 
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Also,  DRAWING  AND  ENGRAVING  ON  WOOD. 


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Harasthy  Grape  Culture,  Wine  and  Wine  Making a  UO 

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Fruit  Culture. 

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Eastwood  on  Cranberry ^^ 

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Field's  Pear  Culture '■  Ti 

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Pardeeon  Strawberry '^ 

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Book  of  Roses,  F.  Parkman, ^ 

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Parlor  Gardener ,  „„ 

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Skeleton  Leaves  and  Phantom  Boquets ^  JJ)^ 

Wax  Flowers,  and  how  to  make  them ■' 


73 

50 
00 


00 


Trees,  <fcc. 

Browne's  Trees  of  America ^  ^^ 

Warder's  Hedges  and  Evergreen.: •■  ^u 

Rural  Architecture. 

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Cleveland's  Villas  and  Cottages V  n  •;*' -.'v: 

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full  exterior  and  interior  details,  382  designs  and  714  illustrations 10  00 

Downing's  Cottage  Architecture *  00 

Downing's  Country  Houses »  "" 

Hatfield's  American  House  Carpenter ^  »" 

Leuchar's  How  to  Build  and  Ventilate  Hot-houses 1  SO 

Manual  of  the  House,  126  designs  and  Plans cloth  1  j-O 

Silloway's  Modern  Carpentry j  "" 

Sloan's  Homestead  Architecture,  200  Engravings 4  00 

Sloan's  Ornamental  Houses,  26  Colored  Engravings 3  00 

Vaux's  Villas  and  Cottages,  nearly  400  Engi-avings 3  00 

Woodward's  Country  Homes .- • ; \  ^0 

Woodward's  Graperies  and  Horticultural  Buildings i  ou 


Agricultural,  Horticultural  and  Architectural  Books. 


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Kern's  Landscape  Gardening 2  00 

Kemp's          "                 "         2  00 

Kural  Essays  Tiy  Downing 3  00 

Smith's  Landscape  Gardening I  CO 

Gardeuing,  Horticulture,  Agriculture,  &,c. 

Allen's  American  Farm  Book 1  50 

Allen's  Domestic  Auimals 1  00 

American  Ko-^e  Culturist 30 

American  Bird  Fancier 30 

Art  of  Saw-Filing 75 

Bement's  R;ibbit  FanciiT 30 

Bement's  Americiin  Poulterer's  Companion 2  00 

Boursingault's  Rural  Economy 1  CO 

Boston  Machinist,  (W.  Fitzgerald) 75 

Brandt's  Age  of  Horses,  (English  or  German) 50 

Briiigeman's  Kitchen  Gardeners'  Instructor /  5 

B  idgcman's  Young  Gardeners'  Assistant 2  00 

Brown's  Field  Book  of  Manures 1  50 

Buist's  Family  Kitchen  Gardener 1  00 

Burr's  Field  and  Garden  Vegetables  of  America .")  00 

Burr's  Garden  Vegetables 2  50 

Canary  Birds,  Manual  for  Uirdkeepers 50 

C.irpenters'  and  Joine  s'  Handbook 75 

Cobbett's  Amedc.-.n  Gardener 75 

Cole's  Veterintrian 75 

Coleman's  Agriculture 4  00 

Darlington's  American  Weeds  and  Useful  Plants 1  75 

Dana's  Muck  Maimal 1  50 

Dana's  Essays  on  Manures 30 

Daild's  Anatomy  and  Physiology  of  the  Horse Plain  3  50 

Dadd's  Horse  Doctor 1  50 

Dadd'p  Catt  c  Doctor 1  •'iO 

Davies  Preparation  and  Mounting  of  Microscopic  Objects 1  50 

Farmers'  E»cry  Day  Book,  octavo,  650  pages 3  00 

Flint  on  Griuises  and  Forage  Plants 2  50 

ninton  Milch  Cows 2  50 

Flora's  Interpreter  and  Fortuna  Flora,  (Mrs.  Hale) 1  50 

French's  Farm  Drainage 1  50 

Garlick's  Treatise  on  Propagation  of  Fish 1  25 

Gray's  Manual  of  Botany i  50 

Guenon's  Treatise  on  Milch  Cows 75 

Harris'— Insects  injurious  to  Vegetation Plain  Plates  4  00 

"              "              "                      "           Culurcd      "  5  00 

Harris'  Rural  Annual  for  1800 25 

Herbert's  Hints  to  Horsekeepors I  75 

Hooper'g  Dog  and  Gun 30 

i  low  to  Gi't  a  Farm,  and  Where  to  Find  it 1  75 

How  to  ■\Vritr',  Tiilk,  Behave  and  do  Business 2  25 

Ik  M:irvers  F.irin  of  Edge  wood -  00 

Insect  Enemies  of  Fruit  'J'rees,  (Trimble) S  00 

Jrnnlngs  on  Cattle 2  OD 

Jcnningii  on  Swino  and  I'oultry 2  00 

■lenningH  on  the  Horse  and  his  Diseases 2  00 

Jcnningft' Horso  Tr.iiiiing  Made  Easy,  rtfw I  25 

Johnston's  Elements  of  Agricultural  Chemistry 1  25 

Johnst'in's  Aijriculiural  Clieniistry I  75 

Klip])art'8  Farm  Drainage 1   50 

Klippart'H  Wlieat  Plant 1  50 

LJlr.g^fr.  til  on  th  •  H'jncv  ]t<e 2  00 

Linliig'g  Natural  I*iw»  of  llusliandry 1  50 

Lii'lM,''s  l-'uniliar  Letters  ou  Chemistry tO 


Agricultural^  Horticultural  and  Architectural  Books. 


liinsley's  Morgan  Ilorsos $1  50 

Manual  of  Agriculture,  Emcisou  &  Fliut 1  50 

"     of  Flax  Culture 50 

"     of  Hop  Culture 40 

'«     of  the  Farm cloth  1  00 

"     of  the  Garden "  100 

"     of  Domestic  Animals "  1  GO 

Mayhew's  illustrated  Hor.se  Doctor 3  50 

Mayhew's          "          Horse  Management 3  50 

Mayhcw's  Practical  Book-Keeping  for  Farmers 90 

Blanksfor        do               do               120 

McMahon's  American  Gardener 3  00 

Miles  on  Hor:~es  Foot 30 

Miss  Hall,  Cookery  and  Domestic  Economy 1  50 

Miss  Beecher's  Domestic  Keceipt  Book 1  50 

Mis."  Beecher's  Domestic  Economy 1  50 

MorrcU's  American  Shepherd 1  60 

Munn's  Practical  Land  Drainer 75 

New  Clock  and  "Watch  Maker's  Manual 2  00 

No;  ton's  Scientific  Agriculture 75 

Onion  Culture 25 

Orchard  House  Culture,  by  C.  M.  Hovey 1  25 

Our  Farm  of  Four  Acres,  paper,  30  cenis;  bound CO 

Our  Farm  of  Two  Acres 20 

Quinby'a  Mystery  of  Bee-keeping 1  50 

Quincy  Soiling  of  Cattle 1  25 

Portfolio  Paper  File,  (Coitniry  Gentleman) $1  and  1  50 

Pedder's  Land  Measurer,  for  Farmers 60 

Phenomena  of  Plant  Life,  (Geo.  H.  Grindou) 1  00 

Randall's  Fine  Wool  Sheep  Husbandry 1  00 

Randall's  Sheep  Husbandry 1  50 

Ready  Reckoner 50 

Richardson,  On  Dogs 30 

Rirers'  Orchard  House 50 

Schenck's  Gardeners'  Text-Book 75 

Shepherds'  Own  Book 2  25 

Skillful  Housewife 75 

Stewart's  Stable-Book 1  50 

Saunders'  Domestic  Poultry paper  40c.  cloth  75 

Sparrowgrass  Papers 2  00 

Ten  Acres  Enough 1  50 

Tenny's  Natural  History  and  Zoology 3  00 

Thompson's  Food  of  Animals 1  OJ 

Tobacco  Culture 25 

Todd's  Young  Farmer's  Manual 1  50 

TheGreatWest 1  00 

Tucker's  Annual  Register  of  Rural  Affairs,  Nos.  1  to  12,  each 30 

Tucker's  Rural  Affairs,  Four  Bound  Vols.,  each  containing  three  numbers 

of  the  Annual  Register,  printed  on  larger  and  finer  paper,  per  vol. ...  1  50 

Turner's  Cotton  Planter's  Manual 1  5o 

Waring's  Elements  of  Agriculture J  ^^ 

Watson's  American  Homa  Garden 2  00 

Wet  Days  at  Edgewood,  by  Ik  Marvel f  00 

Wetherell  on  the  Manufacture  of  Vinegar ^  50 

Youatt  on  the  Horse 1  50 

Youattonthe  Dog 2  00 

Youatt  aud  Martin,  On  Cattle 1  50 

"                   "      OntheHog 100 

Youatt,  On  Sheep 1  00 

Y''oumans'  Household  Science 2  25 

youmans'  New  Chemistry 2  00 

Address,  GEO.  K.  &.  F.  W.  WOODWARD, 

Publishers,  37  Pauk  Row,  New  York. 


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